Publications

A full list of lab publications is available on PubMed or Google scholar.

By topic area

Brain Networks Connectivity

Medical Decision Making Decision analysis

Probability, statistics, information, causal inference Probability, statistics, causal inference| Information theory

Sedation and anesthesia Sedation and Anesthesia

Computational Neuroscience Computational neuroscience

General Neurology General neurology

Heart rate variability Heart rate variability

Highlights

Assessing Risk of Health Outcomes From Brain Activity in Sleep: A Retrospective Cohort Study

This study utilized EEG patterns during sleep to predict the incidence of future neurological, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and mortality outcomes. Employing a retrospective cohort study with two data sets, one for model development and the other for external validation, it demonstrated that sleep quality, defined by EEG-predicted risk, is significantly associated with various health outcomes. The model’s predictions closely matched actual event rates, reinforcing the idea of sleep as a key indicator of overall health.

Sun H, Adra N, Ayub M A, Ganglberger W, Ye E, Fernandes M, Paixao L, Fan Z, Gupta A, Ghanta M, Moura Junior VF, Rosand J, Westover MB, Thomas RJ

Neurology: Clinical Practice 2024;14:e200225. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200225.

A quantitative approach to evaluating interictal epileptiform discharges based on interpretable quantitative criteria.

We designed an algorithm to identify five fiducial landmarks, and from these to quantify the six IFCN features of IEDs. We trained a simple model with these features to quantify the probability that the waveform is epileptiform and incorporated into a user-friendly interface. The interface is available here. This model may assist clinical electroencephalographers in deciding whether candidate waveforms are epileptiform and may assist trainees learn to identify IEDs.

Nascimento FA, Barfuss JD, Jaffe A, M. Brandon Westover, Jing J.

Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Nov 17;146:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.018. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36473334.

EEG-based grading of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome

CAR-T cell therapy is an effective cancer therapy for multiple refractory/relapsed hematologic malignancies but is associated with substantial toxicity, including Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS). We developed the Visual EEG-ICANS (VE-ICANS) grading scale, a grading scale with a physiological basis that has a strong correlation to ICANS severity. VE-ICANS shows promise as a biomarker for ICANS which could help to improve clinical care through greater accuracy in assessing ICANS severity.

Jones DK, Eckhardt CA, Sun H, Tesh RA, Malik P, Quadri S, Firme MS, van Sleuwen M, Jain A, Fan Z, Jing J, Ge W, Nascimento FA, Sheikh IS, Jacobson C, Frigault M, Kimchi EY, Cash SS, Lee JW, Dietrich J, Westover MB.

Sci Rep. 2022 Nov 21;12(1):20011. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24010-1. PMID: 36414694; PMCID: PMC9681864.

Interrater Reliability of Expert Electroencephalographers Identifying Seizures and Rhythmic and Periodic Patterns in Electroencephalograms

The utility of EEG brain monitoring depends on how reliably experts can identify seizures and other harmful patterns of brain activity, referred to as “ictal-interictal-injury continuum” (IIIC) patterns. We recruited 30 experts from 18 institutions to classify IIIC patterns from 50,697 EEG samples from 2,711 patients. From these data we obtain precise estimates of expert reliability and indentified sources of disagreements between experts.

Jing J, Ge W, Struck AF, Fernandes MB, Hong S, An S, Fatima S, Herlopian A, Karakis I, Halford JJ, Ng MC, Johnson EL, Appavu BL, Sarkis RA, Osman G, Kaplan PW, Dhakar MB, Jayagopal LA, Sheikh Z, Taraschenko O, Schmitt S, Haider HA, Kim JA, Swisher CB, Gaspard N, Cervenka MC, Rodriguez Ruiz AA, Lee JW, Tabaeizadeh M, Gilmore EJ, Nordstrom K, Yoo JY, Holmes MG, Herman ST, Williams JA, Pathmanathan J, Nascimento FA, Fan Z, Nasiri S, Shafi MM, Cash SS, Hoch DB, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES, Zafar SF, Sun J, Westover MB

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36460472/

VE-CAM-S: Visual EEG-Based Grading of Delirium Severity and Associations With Clinical Outcomes.

We developed a visual physiologic grading system for the severity of acute encephalopathy manifesting as delirium or coma based on EEG, and investigated its association with clinical outcomes, using data from 406 acutely ill hospitalized patients. Our scale, the “Visual EEG-based Confusion Assessment Method Severity scale (VE-CAM-S) correlates strongly with the CAM-S clinical assessment scale, and with important clinical outcomes including inhospital mortality and level of neurologic disability after hospital discharge.

Tesh RA, Sun H, Jing J, Westmeijer M, Neelagiri A, Rajan S, Krishnamurthy PV, Sikka P, Quadri SA, Leone MJ, Paixao L, Panneerselvam E, Eckhardt C, Struck AF, Kaplan PW, Akeju O, Jones D, Kimchi EY, Westover MB.

Crit Care Explor. 2022 Jan 18;4(1):e0611. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000611. PMID: 35072078; PMCID: PMC8769081.

HIV increases sleep-based brain age despite antiretroviral therapy.

Age-related comorbidities and immune activation raise concern for advanced brain aging in people living with HIV. The brain age index (BAI) is a machine learning model that quantifies deviations in brain activity during sleep relative to healthy individuals of the same age. High BAI was previously found to be associated with neurological, psychiatric, cardiometabolic diseases, and reduced life expectancy among people without HIV. Here, we estimated the effect of HIV infection on BAI by comparing PLWH and HIV- controls. Code and data are available here.

Leone MJ, Sun H, Boutros CL, Liu L, Ye E, Sullivan L, Thomas RJ, Robbins GK, Mukerji SS, Westover MB.

Sleep. 2021 Aug 13;44(8):zsab058. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab058. PMID: 33783511; PMCID: PMC8361332.

Brain age from the electroencephalogram of sleep

The human electroencephalogram (EEG) of sleep undergoes profound changes with age. These changes can be conceptualized as “brain age (BA),” which can be compared to chronological age to reflect the degree of deviation from normal aging.

Sun H, Paixao L, Oliva JT, Goparaju B, Carvalho DZ, van Leeuwen KG, Akeju O, Thomas RJ, Cash SS, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.

Neurobiology of Aging. 2019 Feb 19;74:112-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.016. PMID: 30448611; PMCID: PMC6478501.

Haoqi Sun was awarded the Outstanding Early Investigator Award by the Sleep Research Society based on this publication.

Expert-level sleep scoring with deep neural networks

We assembled 10,000 clinical polysomnograms for training and testing a machine learning algorithm to perform classification of sleep stages and detection of apneas and leg movements. This dataset was more diverse and an order of magnitude larger than used in any prevoius work. We trained a deep neural network to achieve levels of accuracy on these tasks comparable to human experts. This work opened the way for analysis of data from low cost home monitoring devices to extend the reach of sleep diagnostics beyond specialty sleep clinics.

Biswal S, Sun H, Goparaju B, Westover MB, Sun J, Bianchi MT.

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2018 Dec;25(12):1643-50. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocy131. PMID: 30445569 PMCID: PMC6289549.

Automated scoring of respiratory events in sleep with a single effort belt and deep neural networks

The current gold standard of diagnosing sleep-disordered breathing, using polysomnography and manual analysis, is time-consuming, expensive, and only applicable in dedicated clinical environments. Our fully automated method using a single effort belt signal overcomes these limitations and can detect respiratory events and assess the AHI accurately.

TE Nassi, W Ganglberger, H Sun, AA Bucklin, S Biswal, MJAM van Putten, RJ Thomas, MB Westover

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2022); DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3136753

Optimal spindle detection parameters for predicting cognitive performance.

This study characterizes how parameter settings in automated spindle detection algorithms influence the association between spindle features and cognition. We identify parameters that optimize this association.

Adra N, Sun H, Ganglberger W, Ye EM, Dümmer LW, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, Cardoso MDS, Kitchener E, Ouyang A, Salinas J, Rosand J, Cash SS, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.

Sleep. 2022 Apr 11;45(4):zsac001. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac001. PMID: 34984446; PMCID: PMC8996023.

Physiological Assessment of Delirium Severity: The Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score (E-CAM-S).

The E-CAM-S is an automated physiologic measure of delirium severity that predicts clinical outcomes with a level of performance comparable to conventional interview-based clinical assessment.

van Sleuwen M, Sun H, Eckhardt C, Neelagiri A, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, Paixao L, Rajan S, Velpula Krishnamurthy P, Sikka P, Leone MJ, Panneerselvam E, Quadri SA, Akeju O, Kimchi EY, Westover MB.

Crit Care Med 2022 Jan 1; 50 (1) :e11-e19 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005224. PMID:34582420 ; PMCID:PMC8678335

Continuous electroencephalography predicts delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common, disabling complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Preventing DCI is a key focus of neurocritical care, but interventions carry risk and cannot be applied indiscriminately. We prospectively assessed the accuracy of cEEG for predicting DCI. We find that cEEG accurately predicts DCI following SAH and may thus be useful to help target therapies to patients at highest risk of secondary brain injury.

Rosenthal ES, Biswal S, Zafar SF, O’Connor KL, Bechek S, Shenoy AV, Boyle EJ, Shafi MM, Gilmore EJ, Foreman BP, Gaspard N, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Rosand J, Hoch DB, Ayata C, Cash SS, Cole AJ, Patel AB, Westover MB.

Ann Neurol 2018 May; 83 (5) :958-969 doi: 10.1002/ana.25232. Epub 2018 May 16. PMID:29659050 ; PMCID:PMC6021198

Predicting Neurological Outcome From Electroencephalogram Dynamics in Comatose Patients After Cardiac Arrest With Deep Learning.

Most cardiac arrest patients who are successfully resuscitated are initially comatose due to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. EEG provides valuable prognostic information, however prior approaches neglect temporal information. We assembled EEGs from 1,038 patients from seven hospitals in Europe and the US and developed a recurrent deep neural network to predict long-term neurological outcomes. Our model provides accurate probabilistic predictions which improve with continued observation. Our results show that accounting for EEG trend information can improve prediction of neurologic outcomes for patients with coma following cardiac arrest.

Zheng WL, Amorim E, Jing J, Wu O, Ghassemi M, Lee JW, Sivaraju A, Pang T, Herman ST, Gaspard N, Ruijter BJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022 May; 69 (5) :1813-1825 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3139007. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID:34962860 ; PMCID:PMC9087641

Dementia Detection from Brain Activity During Sleep.

Altered brain activity during sleep is an early feature of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether sleep EEG signals can be used to identify people on the verge of cognitive decline. We assembled a clinical dataset overnight sleep EEGs from 8,044 participants. We extracted sleep macro-and micro-structural features from the EEG and trained machine learning models to predict which patients had dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Our algorithms show promise for incorporating dementia screening techniques using routine sleep EEG, and strengthen the concept of sleep as a window into neurodegenerative disease.

Ye EM, Sun H, Krishnamurthy PV, Adra N, Ganglberger W, Thomas RJ, Lam AD, Westover MB.

Sleep. 2022 Nov 30:zsac286. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac286. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36448766.

Automated Annotation of Epileptiform Burden and Its Association with Outcomes.

We set out to quantify the dose-response relation between epileptiform activity burden and outcomes in acutely ill patients. We gathered data from 1,967 patients who underwent continuous EEG and developed artificial intelligence algorithms to 1) annotate epileptiform activity (EA) in 11.02 terabytes of EEG and 2) estimate the effect of EA burden on the probability of a poor neurologic outcome. After adjusting for covariates, increasing EA burden from 0 to 100% increased the probability of poor outcome by 35%. Automated measurement of EA burden affords a quantitative target for future trials investigating whether suppressing EA improves outcomes.

Zafar SF, Rosenthal ES, Jing J, Ge W, Tabaeizadeh M, Aboul Nour H, Shoukat M, Sun H, Javed F, Kassa S, Edhi M, Bordbar E, Gallagher J, Moura V Jr, Ghanta M, Shao YP, An S, Sun J, Cole AJ, Westover MB.

Ann Neurol 2021 Aug; 90 (2) :300-311 doi: 10.1002/ana.26161. Epub 2021 Jul 20. PMID:34231244 ; PMCID:PMC8516549

Publications by topic

Critical Care Neurophysiology

ICU EEG Terminology

“American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology: 2021 Version.”
Hirsch LJ, Fong MWK, Leitinger M, LaRoche SM, Beniczky S, Abend NS, Lee JW, Wusthoff CJ, Hahn CD, Westover MB, Gerard EE, Herman ST, Haider HA, Osman G, Rodriguez-Ruiz A, Maciel CB, Gilmore EJ, Fernandez A, Rosenthal ES, Claassen J, Husain AM, Yoo JY, So EL, Kaplan PW, Nuwer MR, van Putten M, Sutter R, Drislane FW, Trinka E, Gaspard N.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Jan 1; 38 (1) :1-29 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000806. PMID:33475321 ; PMCID:PMC8135051

“Resident training and interrater agreements using the ACNS critical care EEG terminology.”
Zhuo Ding J, Mallick R, Carpentier J, McBain K, Gaspard N, Brandon Westover M, Fantaneanu TA.
Seizure 2019 Mar; 66 :76-80 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID:30818180 ; PMCID:PMC6778405

“The standardization debate: A conflation trap in critical care electroencephalography.”
Ng MC, Gaspard N, Cole AJ, Hoch DB, Cash SS, Bianchi M, O’Rourke DA, Rosenthal ES, Chu CJ, Westover MB.
Seizure 2015 Jan; 24 :52-8 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.09.017. Epub 2014 Oct 16. PMID:25457454 ; PMCID:PMC4465375

“Interrater agreement for Critical Care EEG Terminology.”
Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ, LaRoche SM, Hahn CD, Westover MB.
Epilepsia 2014 Sep; 55 (9) :1366-73 doi: 10.1111/epi.12653. Epub 2014 Jun 2. PMID:24888711 ; PMCID:PMC4879939

Quantitative EEG / Spectrograms

“Automated detection of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome via quantitative EEG.”
Eckhardt CA, Sun H, Malik P, Quadri S, Santana Firme M, Jones DK, van Sleuwen M, Jain A, Fan Z, Jing J, Ge W, Danish HH, Jacobson CA, Rubin DB, Kimchi EY, Cash SS, Frigault MJ, Lee JW, Dietrich J, Westover MB.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023 Oct; 10 (10) :1776-1789 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51866. Epub 2023 Aug 6. PMID:37545104 ; PMCID:PMC10578889

“A Primer on EEG Spectrograms.”
Ng MC, Jing J, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Mar 1; 39 (3) :177-183 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000736. PMID:34510095 ; PMCID:PMC8901534

“The Utility of Quantitative EEG in Detecting Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Baang HY, Chen HY, Herman AL, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Sheth KN, Petersen NH, Zafar SF, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB, Kim JA.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Mar 1; 39 (3) :207-215 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000754. PMID:34510093 ; PMCID:PMC8901442

“Decoding the Spectrogram Rainbow.”
Ng MC, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Mar 1; 39 (3) :176 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000741. PMID:34510094 ; PMCID:PMC8901547

“Quantitative EEG reactivity and machine learning for prognostication in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.”
Amorim E, van der Stoel M, Nagaraj SB, Ghassemi MM, Jing J, O’Reilly UM, Scirica BM, Lee JW, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Oct; 130 (10) :1908-1916 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.014. Epub 2019 Jul 25. PMID:31419742 ; PMCID:PMC6751020

“Performance of Spectrogram-Based Seizure Identification of Adult EEGs by Critical Care Nurses and Neurophysiologists.”
Amorim E, Williamson CA, Moura LMVR, Shafi MM, Gaspard N, Rosenthal ES, Guanci MM, Rajajee V, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2017 Jul; 34 (4) :359-364 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000368. PMID:27930420 ; PMCID:PMC5482787

“Sensitivity of quantitative EEG for seizure identification in the intensive care unit.”
Haider HA, Esteller R, Hahn CD, Westover MB, Halford JJ, Lee JW, Shafi MM, Gaspard N, Herman ST, Gerard EE, Hirsch LJ, Ehrenberg JA, LaRoche SM.
Neurology 2016 Aug 30; 87 (9) :935-44 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003034. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PMID:27466474 ; PMCID:PMC5035158

“Spectrogram screening of adult EEGs is sensitive and efficient.”
Moura LM, Shafi MM, Ng M, Pati S, Cash SS, Cole AJ, Hoch DB, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB.
Neurology 2014 Jul 1; 83 (1) :56-64 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000537. Epub 2014 May 23. PMID:24857926 ; PMCID:PMC4114174

“Sensitivity of compressed spectral arrays for detecting seizures in acutely ill adults.”
Williamson CA, Wahlster S, Shafi MM, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2014 Feb; 20 (1) :32-9 doi: 10.1007/s12028-013-9912-4. PMID:24052456 ; PMCID:PMC6794096

Continuous EEG Monitoring

“Systematic Evaluation of Research Priorities in Critical Care Electroencephalography.”
Sheikh Z, Selioutski O, Taraschenko O, Gilmore EJ, Westover MB, Cohen AB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2023 Jul 1; 40 (5) :426-433 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000916. Epub 2022 Jan 20. PMID:35066530 ; PMCID:PMC9296700

“High incidence of epileptiform activity in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.”
Amorim E, Firme MS, Zheng WL, Shelton KT, Akeju O, Cudemus G, Yuval R, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Aug; 140 :4-11 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.018. Epub 2022 May 6. PMID:35691268 ; PMCID:PMC9340813

“Using electronic health data to explore effectiveness of ICU EEG and anti-seizure treatment.”
Amerineni R, Sun H, Lee H, Hsu J, Patorno E, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021 Dec; 8 (12) :2270-2279 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51478. Epub 2021 Nov 21. PMID:34802196 ; PMCID:PMC8670316

“Assessment of a Study of Continuous vs Repeat-Spot Electroencephalography in Patients With Critical Illness.”
Gaspard N, Westover MB, Hirsch LJ.
JAMA Neurol 2021 Mar 1; 78 (3) :369 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.5348. PMID:33523103 ; PMCID:PMC8136812

“Evaluating the Clinical Impact of Rapid Response Electroencephalography: The DECIDE Multicenter Prospective Observational Clinical Study.”
Vespa PM, Olson DM, John S, Hobbs KS, Gururangan K, Nie K, Desai MJ, Markert M, Parvizi J, Bleck TP, Hirsch LJ, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2020 Sep; 48 (9) :1249-1257 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004428. PMID:32618687 ; PMCID:PMC7735649

“Randomized trial of lacosamide versus fosphenytoin for nonconvulsive seizures.”
Husain AM, Lee JW, Kolls BJ, Hirsch LJ, Halford JJ, Gupta PK, Minazad Y, Jones JM, LaRoche SM, Herman ST, Swisher CB, Sinha SR, Palade A, Dombrowski KE, Gallentine WB, Hahn CD, Gerard EE, Bhapkar M, Lokhnygina Y, Westover MB.
Ann Neurol 2018 Jun; 83 (6) :1174-1185 doi: 10.1002/ana.25249. PMID:29733464 ; PMCID:PMC6785201

“cEEG electrode-related pressure ulcers in acutely hospitalized patients.”
Moura LM, Carneiro TS, Kwasnik D, Moura VF Junior, Blodgett CS, Cohen J, McKenna Guanci M, Hoch DB, Hsu J, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Neurol Clin Pract 2017 Feb; 7 (1) :15-25 doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000312. PMID:28243502 ; PMCID:PMC5310208

“Development and Feasibility Testing of a Critical Care EEG Monitoring Database for Standardized Clinical Reporting and Multicenter Collaborative Research.”
Lee JW, LaRoche S, Choi H, Rodriguez Ruiz AA, Fertig E, Politsky JM, Herman ST, Loddenkemper T, Sansevere AJ, Korb PJ, Abend NS, Goldstein JL, Sinha SR, Dombrowski KE, Ritzl EK, Westover MB, Gavvala JR, Gerard EE, Schmitt SE, Szaflarski JP, Ding K, Haas KF, Buchsbaum R, Hirsch LJ, Wusthoff CJ, Hopp JL, Hahn CD.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Apr; 33 (2) :133-40 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000230. PMID:26943901 ; PMCID:PMC4878836

“Treating seizures in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.”
Ng MC, Westover MB, Cole AJ.
Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2014; 2 :75-9 doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2014.01.004. eCollection 2014. PMID:25667875 ; PMCID:PMC4308028

“Real-time segmentation and tracking of brain metabolic state in ICU EEG recordings of burst suppression.”
Westover MB, Ching S, Shafi MM, Cash SS, Brown EN.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013 :7108-11 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6611196. PMID:24111383 ; PMCID:PMC3939432

Seizure risk

“Assessment of the Validity of the 2HELPS2B Score for Inpatient Seizure Risk Prediction.”
Struck AF, Tabaeizadeh M, Schmitt SE, Ruiz AR, Swisher CB, Subramaniam T, Hernandez C, Kaleem S, Haider HA, Cissé AF, Dhakar MB, Hirsch LJ, Rosenthal ES, Zafar SF, Gaspard N, Westover MB.
JAMA Neurol 2020 Apr 1; 77 (4) :500-507 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4656. PMID:31930362 ; PMCID:PMC6990873

“The probability of seizures during continuous EEG monitoring in high-risk neonates.”
Worden LT, Chinappen DM, Stoyell SM, Gold J, Paixao L, Krishnamoorthy K, Kramer MA, Westover MB, Chu CJ.
Epilepsia 2019 Dec; 60 (12) :2508-2518 doi: 10.1111/epi.16387. Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID:31745988 ; PMCID:PMC7083278

“Comparison of machine learning models for seizure prediction in hospitalized patients.”
Struck AF, Rodriguez-Ruiz AA, Osman G, Gilmore EJ, Haider HA, Dhakar MB, Schrettner M, Lee JW, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ, Westover MB.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019 Jul; 6 (7) :1239-1247 doi: 10.1002/acn3.50817. Epub 2019 Jun 27. PMID:31353866 ; PMCID:PMC6649418

“Bilateral independent periodic discharges are associated with electrographic seizures and poor outcome: A case-control study.”
Osman G, Rahangdale R, Britton JW, Gilmore EJ, Haider HA, Hantus S, Herlopian A, Hocker SE, Woo Lee J, Legros B, Mendoza M, Punia V, Rampal N, Szaflarski JP, Wallace AD, Westover MB, Hirsch LJ, Gaspard N.
Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Nov; 129 (11) :2284-2289 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.07.025. Epub 2018 Aug 29. PMID:30227348 ; PMCID:PMC6785981

“Association of an Electroencephalography-Based Risk Score With Seizure Probability in Hospitalized Patients.”
Struck AF, Ustun B, Ruiz AR, Lee JW, LaRoche SM, Hirsch LJ, Gilmore EJ, Vlachy J, Haider HA, Rudin C, Westover MB.
JAMA Neurol 2017 Dec 1; 74 (12) :1419-1424 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2459. PMID:29052706 ; PMCID:PMC5822188

“Time-dependent risk of seizures in critically ill patients on continuous electroencephalogram.”
Struck AF, Osman G, Rampal N, Biswal S, Legros B, Hirsch LJ, Westover MB, Gaspard N.
Ann Neurol 2017 Aug; 82 (2) :177-185 doi: 10.1002/ana.24985. Epub 2017 Jul 19. PMID:28681492 ; PMCID:PMC5842678

“The probability of seizures during EEG monitoring in critically ill adults.”
Westover MB, Shafi MM, Bianchi MT, Moura LM, O’Rourke D, Rosenthal ES, Chu CJ, Donovan S, Hoch DB, Kilbride RD, Cole AJ, Cash SS.
Clin Neurophysiol 2015 Mar; 126 (3) :463-71 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.037. Epub 2014 Jul 11. PMID:25082090 ; PMCID:PMC4289643

“Absence of early epileptiform abnormalities predicts lack of seizures on continuous EEG.”
Shafi MM, Westover MB, Cole AJ, Kilbride RD, Hoch DB, Cash SS.
Neurology 2012 Oct 23; 79 (17) :1796-801 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182703fbc. Epub 2012 Oct 10. PMID:23054233 ; PMCID:PMC3475619

Seizures

“How Many Patients Do You Need? Investigating Trial Designs for Anti-Seizure Treatment in Acute Brain Injury Patients.”
Parikh H, Sun H, Amerineni R, Rosenthal ES, Volfovsky A, Rudin C, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
medRxiv 2023 Aug 22; doi: 10.1101/2023.08.21.23294339. PMID:37662339 ; PMCID:PMC10473786

“Association of Early Seizure Prophylaxis With Posttraumatic Seizures and Mortality: A Meta-analysis With Evidence Quality Assessment.”
Coelho LMG, Blacker D, Hsu J, Newhouse JP, Westover MB, Zafar SF, Moura LMVR.
Neurol Clin Pract 2023 Jun; 13 (3) :e200145 doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200145. Epub 2023 Mar 30. PMID:37066107 ; PMCID:PMC10101717

“Spike height improves prediction of future seizure risk.”
Chinappen DM, Xiao G, Jing J, Spencer ER, Eden UT, Kramer MA, Westover MB, Chu CJ.
Clin Neurophysiol 2023 Jun; 150 :49-55 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.180. Epub 2023 Mar 21. PMID:37002980 ; PMCID:PMC10192090

“Interrater Reliability of Expert Electroencephalographers Identifying Seizures and Rhythmic and Periodic Patterns in EEGs.”
Jing J, Ge W, Struck AF, Fernandes MB, Hong S, An S, Fatima S, Herlopian A, Karakis I, Halford JJ, Ng MC, Johnson EL, Appavu BL, Sarkis RA, Osman G, Kaplan PW, Dhakar MB, Jayagopal LA, Sheikh Z, Taraschenko O, Schmitt S, Haider HA, Kim JA, Swisher CB, Gaspard N, Cervenka MC, Rodriguez Ruiz AA, Lee JW, Tabaeizadeh M, Gilmore EJ, Nordstrom K, Yoo JY, Holmes MG, Herman ST, Williams JA, Pathmanathan J, Nascimento FA, Fan Z, Nasiri S, Shafi MM, Cash SS, Hoch DB, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES, Zafar SF, Sun J, Westover MB.
Neurology 2023 Apr 25; 100 (17) :e1737-e1749 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201670. Epub 2022 Dec 2. PMID:36460472 ; PMCID:PMC10136018

“Development of Expert-Level Classification of Seizures and Rhythmic and Periodic Patterns During EEG Interpretation.”
Jing J, Ge W, Hong S, Fernandes MB, Lin Z, Yang C, An S, Struck AF, Herlopian A, Karakis I, Halford JJ, Ng MC, Johnson EL, Appavu BL, Sarkis RA, Osman G, Kaplan PW, Dhakar MB, Arcot Jayagopal L, Sheikh Z, Taraschenko O, Schmitt S, Haider HA, Kim JA, Swisher CB, Gaspard N, Cervenka MC, Rodriguez Ruiz AA, Lee JW, Tabaeizadeh M, Gilmore EJ, Nordstrom K, Yoo JY, Holmes MG, Herman ST, Williams JA, Pathmanathan J, Nascimento FA, Fan Z, Nasiri S, Shafi MM, Cash SS, Hoch DB, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES, Zafar SF, Sun J, Westover MB.
Neurology 2023 Apr 25; 100 (17) :e1750-e1762 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207127. Epub 2023 Mar 6. PMID:36878708 ; PMCID:PMC10136013

“Flexible realistic simulation of seizure occurrence recapitulating statistical properties of seizure diaries.”
Goldenholz DM, Westover MB.
Epilepsia 2023 Feb; 64 (2) :396-405 doi: 10.1111/epi.17471. Epub 2022 Dec 4. PMID:36401798 ; PMCID:PMC9905290

“Implications of stimulus-induced, rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) in hospitalized patients.”
Martinez P, Sheikh I, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Front Neurol 2022; 13 :1062330 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1062330. eCollection 2022. PMID:36756343 ; PMCID:PMC9899805

“Anti-seizure medication treatment and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing continuous EEG monitoring.”
Sanches PR, Tabaeizadeh M, Moura LMVR, Rosenthal ES, Caboclo LO, Hsu J, Patorno E, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Neurol Sci 2022 Sep; 43 (9) :5441-5449 doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06183-9. Epub 2022 Jun 17. PMID:35713732

“Measuring expertise in identifying interictal epileptiform discharges.”
Harid NM, Jing J, Hogan J, Nascimento FA, Ouyang A, Zheng WL, Ge W, Zafar SF, Kim JA, Alice DL, Herlopian A, Maus D, Karakis I, Ng M, Hong S, Yu Z, Kaplan PW, Cash S, Shafi M, Martz G, Halford JJ, Westover MB.
Epileptic Disord 2022 Jun 1; 24 (3) :496-506 doi: 10.1684/epd.2021.1409. PMID:35770748 ; PMCID:PMC9340812

“Antiseizure Medication Treatment and Outcomes in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Undergoing Continuous EEG Monitoring.”
Zafar SF, Rosenthal ES, Postma EN, Sanches P, Ayub MA, Rajan S, Kim JA, Rubin DB, Lee H, Patel AB, Hsu J, Patorno E, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2022 Jun; 36 (3) :857-867 doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01387-x. Epub 2021 Nov 29. PMID:34843082 ; PMCID:PMC9117405

“Accurate identification of EEG recordings with interictal epileptiform discharges using a hybrid approach: Artificial intelligence supervised by human experts.”
Kural MA, Jing J, Fürbass F, Perko H, Qerama E, Johnsen B, Fuchs S, Westover MB, Beniczky S.
Epilepsia 2022 May; 63 (5) :1064-1073 doi: 10.1111/epi.17206. Epub 2022 Mar 7. PMID:35184276 ; PMCID:PMC9148170

“Quantifying seizure termination patterns reveals limited pathways to seizure end.”
Salami P, Borzello M, Kramer MA, Westover MB, Cash SS.
Neurobiol Dis 2022 Apr; 165 :105645 doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105645. Epub 2022 Jan 29. PMID:35104646 ; PMCID:PMC8860887

“Do Triphasic Waves and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Arise From Similar Mechanisms? A Computational Model.”
Ligtenstein S, Song J, Jin J, Sun H, Paixao L, Zafar S, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Sep 1; 38 (5) :366-375 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000719. PMID:34155185 ; PMCID:PMC8429048

“Seizure Prophylaxis After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.”
Jones FJS, Sanches PR, Smith JR, Zafar SF, Blacker D, Hsu J, Schwamm LH, Newhouse JP, Westover MB, Moura LMVR.
JAMA Neurol 2021 Sep 1; 78 (9) :1128-1136 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2249. PMID:34309642 ; PMCID:PMC8314179

“Responsive neurostimulation for focal motor status epilepticus.”
Yang JC, Harid NM, Nascimento FA, Kokkinos V, Shaughnessy A, Lam AD, Westover MB, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Hochberg LR, Rosenthal ES, Cole AJ, Richardson RM, Cash SS.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021 Jun; 8 (6) :1353-1361 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51318. Epub 2021 May 6. PMID:33955717 ; PMCID:PMC8164849

“Automated Adult Epilepsy Diagnostic Tool Based on Interictal Scalp Electroencephalogram Characteristics: A Six-Center Study.”
Thomas J, Thangavel P, Peh WY, Jing J, Yuvaraj R, Cash SS, Chaudhari R, Karia S, Rathakrishnan R, Saini V, Shah N, Srivastava R, Tan YL, Westover B, Dauwels J.
Int J Neural Syst 2021 May; 31 (5) :2050074 doi: 10.1142/S0129065720500744. Epub 2021 Jan 12. PMID:33438530 ; PMCID:PMC9343226

“Deep active learning for Interictal Ictal Injury Continuum EEG patterns.”
Ge W, Jing J, An S, Herlopian A, Ng M, Struck AF, Appavu B, Johnson EL, Osman G, Haider HA, Karakis I, Kim JA, Halford JJ, Dhakar MB, Sarkis RA, Swisher CB, Schmitt S, Lee JW, Tabaeizadeh M, Rodriguez A, Gaspard N, Gilmore E, Herman ST, Kaplan PW, Pathmanathan J, Hong S, Rosenthal ES, Zafar S, Sun J, Brandon Westover M.
J Neurosci Methods 2021 Mar 1; 351 :108966 doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108966. Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID:33131680 ; PMCID:PMC8135050

“DDESVSFS: A simple, rapid and comprehensive screening tool for the Differential Diagnosis of Epileptic Seizures VS Functional Seizures.”
Janocko NJ, Jing J, Fan Z, Teagarden DL, Villarreal HK, Morton ML, Groover O, Loring DW, Drane DL, Westover MB, Karakis I.
Epilepsy Res 2021 Mar; 171 :106563 doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106563. Epub 2021 Jan 21. PMID:33517166 ; PMCID:PMC8092190

“Rapid annotation of seizures and interictal-ictal-injury continuum EEG patterns.”
Jing J, d’Angremont E, Ebrahim S, Tabaeizadeh M, Ng M, Herlopian A, Dauwels J, Brandon Westover M.
J Neurosci Methods 2021 Jan 1; 347 :108956 doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108956. Epub 2020 Oct 21. PMID:33099261 ; PMCID:PMC7744406

“Automated Detection of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges from Scalp Electroencephalograms by Convolutional Neural Networks.”
Thomas J, Jin J, Thangavel P, Bagheri E, Yuvaraj R, Dauwels J, Rathakrishnan R, Halford JJ, Cash SS, Westover B.
Int J Neural Syst 2020 Nov; 30 (11) :2050030 doi: 10.1142/S0129065720500306. Epub 2020 Aug 19. PMID:32812468 ; PMCID:PMC7606586

“Association of epileptiform abnormalities and seizures in Alzheimer disease.”
Lam AD, Sarkis RA, Pellerin KR, Jing J, Dworetzky BA, Hoch DB, Jacobs CS, Lee JW, Weisholtz DS, Zepeda R, Westover MB, Cole AJ, Cash SS.
Neurology 2020 Oct 20; 95 (16) :e2259-e2270 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010612. Epub 2020 Aug 6. PMID:32764101 ; PMCID:PMC7713786

“A Theoretical Paradigm for Evaluating Risk-Benefit of Status Epilepticus Treatment.”
Amorim E, McGraw CM, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2020 Sep; 37 (5) :385-392 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000753. PMID:32890059 ; PMCID:PMC7516305

“Development and Validation of Forecasting Next Reported Seizure Using e-Diaries.”
Goldenholz DM, Goldenholz SR, Romero J, Moss R, Sun H, Westover B.
Ann Neurol 2020 Sep; 88 (3) :588-595 doi: 10.1002/ana.25812. Epub 2020 Jul 9. PMID:32567720 ; PMCID:PMC7720795

“A New Neural Mass Model Driven Method and Its Application in Early Epileptic Seizure Detection.”
Song JL, Li Q, Zhang B, Westover MB, Zhang R.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020 Aug; 67 (8) :2194-2205 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2957392. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID:31804924 ; PMCID:PMC9371613

“Detecting Seizures and Epileptiform Abnormalities in Acute Brain Injury.”
Singla S, Garcia GE, Rovenolt GE, Soto AL, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Blumenfeld H, Sheth KN, Omay SB, Struck AF, Westover MB, Kim JA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020 Jul 27; 20 (9) :42 doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01060-4. PMID:32715371 ; PMCID:PMC9353690

“Deep Learning for Interictal Epileptiform Spike Detection from scalp EEG frequency sub bands.”
Prasanth T, Thomas J, Yuvaraj R, Jing J, Cash SS, Chaudhari R, Leng TY, Rathakrishnan R, Rohit S, Saini V, Westover BM, Dauwels J.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020 Jul; 2020 :3703-3706 doi: 10.1109/EMBC44109.2020.9175644. PMID:33018805 ; PMCID:PMC7545315

“Sensitivity of Continuous Electroencephalography to Detect Ictal Activity After Cardiac Arrest.”
Elmer J, Coppler PJ, Solanki P, Westover MB, Struck AF, Baldwin ME, Kurz MC, Callaway CW.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Apr 1; 3 (4) :e203751 doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3751. PMID:32343353 ; PMCID:PMC7189220

“Electrographic predictors of successful weaning from anaesthetics in refractory status epilepticus.”
Rubin DB, Angelini B, Shoukat M, Chu CJ, Zafar SF, Westover MB, Cash SS, Rosenthal ES.
Brain 2020 Apr 1; 143 (4) :1143-1157 doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa069. PMID:32268366 ; PMCID:PMC7174057

“Seizure tracking of epileptic EEGs using a model-driven approach.”
Song JL, Li Q, Pan M, Zhang B, Westover MB, Zhang R.
J Neural Eng 2020 Jan 6; 17 (1) :016024 doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab2409. PMID:31121573 ; PMCID:PMC6874715

“Interrater Reliability of Experts in Identifying Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Electroencephalograms.”
Jing J, Herlopian A, Karakis I, Ng M, Halford JJ, Lam A, Maus D, Chan F, Dolatshahi M, Muniz CF, Chu C, Sacca V, Pathmanathan J, Ge W, Sun H, Dauwels J, Cole AJ, Hoch DB, Cash SS, Westover MB.
JAMA Neurol 2020 Jan 1; 77 (1) :49-57 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3531. PMID:31633742 ; PMCID:PMC6806666

“A fast machine learning approach to facilitate the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges in the scalp electroencephalogram.”
Bagheri E, Jin J, Dauwels J, Cash S, Westover MB.
J Neurosci Methods 2019 Oct 1; 326 :108362 doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108362. Epub 2019 Jul 13. PMID:31310822 ; PMCID:PMC6993930

“Commentary on “Predicting seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery, a challenge in clinical practice”.”
Goldenholz D, Sun H, Westover B.
Epilepsy Behav 2019 Oct; 99 :106408 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.009. Epub 2019 Jul 30. PMID:31375412

“The EEG Ictal-Interictal Continuum-A Metabolic Roar But a Whimper of a Functional Outcome.”
Lee JW.
Epilepsy Curr 2019 Jul-Aug; 19 (4) :234-236 doi: 10.1177/1535759719855968. Epub 2019 Jun 14. PMID:31198061 ; PMCID:PMC6891843

“Variability in pharmacologically-induced coma for treatment of refractory status epilepticus.”
An J, Jonnalagadda D, Moura V Junior, Purdon PL, Brown EN, Westover MB.
PLoS One 2018; 13 (10) :e0205789 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205789. eCollection 2018. PMID:30379935 ; PMCID:PMC6209214

“Antiepileptic drug treatment after an unprovoked first seizure: A decision analysis.”
Bao EL, Chao LY, Ni P, Moura LMVR, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Hoch DB, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Neurology 2018 Oct 9; 91 (15) :e1429-e1439 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006319. Epub 2018 Sep 12. PMID:30209239 ; PMCID:PMC6177278

“CLASSIFIER CASCADE TO AID IN DETECTION OF EPILEPTIFORM TRANSIENTS IN INTERICTAL EEG.”
Bagheri E, Jin J, Dauwels J, Cash S, Westover MB.
Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process 2018 Apr; 2018 :970-974 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8461992. Epub 2018 Sep 13. PMID:31582912 ; PMCID:PMC6775762

“Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection in EEG in Different Practice Settings.”
Halford JJ, Westover MB, LaRoche SM, Macken MP, Kutluay E, Edwards JC, Bonilha L, Kalamangalam GP, Ding K, Hopp JL, Arain A, Dawson RA, Martz GU, Wolf BJ, Waters CG, Dean BC.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Sep; 35 (5) :375-380 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000492. PMID:30028830 ; PMCID:PMC6126936

“EEG CLassification Via Convolutional Neural Network-Based Interictal Epileptiform Event Detection.”
Thomas J, Comoretto L, Jin J, Dauwels J, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018 Jul; 2018 :3148-3151 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512930. PMID:30441062 ; PMCID:PMC6775768

“Rapid Annotation of Seizures and Interictal-ictal Continuum EEG Patterns.”
Jing J, d’Angremont E, Zafar S, Rosenthal ES, Tabaeizadeh M, Ebrahim S, Dauwels J, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018 Jul; 2018 :3394-3397 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513059. PMID:30441116 ; PMCID:PMC6776236

“Interictal epileptiform discharge characteristics underlying expert interrater agreement.”
Bagheri E, Dauwels J, Dean BC, Waters CG, Westover MB, Halford JJ.
Clin Neurophysiol 2017 Oct; 128 (10) :1994-2005 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.252. Epub 2017 Jul 18. PMID:28837905 ; PMCID:PMC5842710

“Rapid annotation of interictal epileptiform discharges via template matching under Dynamic Time Warping.”
Jing J, Dauwels J, Rakthanmanon T, Keogh E, Cash SS, Westover MB.
J Neurosci Methods 2016 Dec 1; 274 :179-190 doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.025. Epub 2016 Mar 2. PMID:26944098 ; PMCID:PMC5519352

“Therapeutic coma for status epilepticus: Differing practices in a prospective multicenter study.”
Alvarez V, Lee JW, Westover MB, Drislane FW, Novy J, Faouzi M, Marchi NA, Dworetzky BA, Rossetti AO.
Neurology 2016 Oct 18; 87 (16) :1650-1659 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003224. Epub 2016 Sep 24. PMID:27664985 ; PMCID:PMC5085074

“Metabolic Correlates of the Ictal-Interictal Continuum: FDG-PET During Continuous EEG.”
Struck AF, Westover MB, Hall LT, Deck GM, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES.
Neurocrit Care 2016 Jun; 24 (3) :324-31 doi: 10.1007/s12028-016-0245-y. PMID:27169855 ; PMCID:PMC5478419

“CLUSTERING OF INTERICTAL SPIKES BY DYNAMIC TIME WARPING AND AFFINITY PROPAGATION.”
Thomas J, Jin J, Dauwels J, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process 2016 Mar; 2016 :749-753 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7471775. Epub 2016 May 19. PMID:29527130 ; PMCID:PMC5842698

“FAST AND EFFICIENT REJECTION OF BACKGROUND WAVEFORMS IN INTERICTAL EEG.”
Bagheri E, Jin J, Dauwels J, Cash S, Westover MB.
Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process 2016 Mar; 2016 :744-748 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7471774. Epub 2016 May 19. PMID:29507536 ; PMCID:PMC5835012

“New-onset refractory status epilepticus: Etiology, clinical features, and outcome.”
Gaspard N, Foreman BP, Alvarez V, Cabrera Kang C, Probasco JC, Jongeling AC, Meyers E, Espinera A, Haas KF, Schmitt SE, Gerard EE, Gofton T, Kaplan PW, Lee JW, Legros B, Szaflarski JP, Westover BM, LaRoche SM, Hirsch LJ.
Neurology 2015 Nov 3; 85 (18) :1604-13 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001940. Epub 2015 Aug 21. PMID:26296517 ; PMCID:PMC4642147

“The number of seizures needed in the EMU.”
Struck AF, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Epilepsia 2015 Nov; 56 (11) :1753-9 doi: 10.1111/epi.13090. Epub 2015 Jul 27. PMID:26222350 ; PMCID:PMC4877132

“Practice variability and efficacy of clonazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam in status epilepticus: A multicenter comparison.”
Alvarez V, Lee JW, Drislane FW, Westover MB, Novy J, Dworetzky BA, Rossetti AO.
Epilepsia 2015 Aug; 56 (8) :1275-85 doi: 10.1111/epi.13056. Epub 2015 Jul 3. PMID:26140660 ; PMCID:PMC4877129

“Characteristics and role in outcome prediction of continuous EEG after status epilepticus: A prospective observational cohort.”
Alvarez V, Drislane FW, Westover MB, Dworetzky BA, Lee JW.
Epilepsia 2015 Jun; 56 (6) :933-41 doi: 10.1111/epi.12996. Epub 2015 May 7. PMID:25953195 ; PMCID:PMC4878827

“High risk for seizures following subarachnoid hemorrhage regardless of referral bias.”
O’Connor KL, Westover MB, Phillips MT, Iftimia NA, Buckley DA, Ogilvy CS, Shafi MM, Rosenthal ES.
Neurocrit Care 2014 Dec; 21 (3) :476-82 doi: 10.1007/s12028-014-9974-y. PMID:24723663 ; PMCID:PMC4878846

“Evaluation of a clinical tool for early etiology identification in status epilepticus.”
Alvarez V, Westover MB, Drislane FW, Dworetzky BA, Curley D, Lee JW, Rossetti AO.
Epilepsia 2014 Dec; 55 (12) :2059-2068 doi: 10.1111/epi.12852. Epub 2014 Nov 10. PMID:25385281 ; PMCID:PMC4870016

“SpikeGUI: software for rapid interictal discharge annotation via template matching and online machine learning.”
Jing Jin, Dauwels J, Cash S, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014; 2014 :4435-8 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944608. PMID:25570976 ; PMCID:PMC4416962

“Calculating the risk benefit equation for aggressive treatment of non-convulsive status epilepticus.”
Ferguson M, Bianchi MT, Sutter R, Rosenthal ES, Cash SS, Kaplan PW, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2013 Apr; 18 (2) :216-27 doi: 10.1007/s12028-012-9785-y. PMID:23065689 ; PMCID:PMC3767472

“Inferring seizure frequency from brief EEG recordings.”
Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Shafi M, Hoch DB, Cole AJ, Chiappa K, Cash SS.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2013 Apr; 30 (2) :174-7 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e3182767c35. PMID:23545768 ; PMCID:PMC3616271

“Revising the “Rule of Three” for inferring seizure freedom.”
Westover MB, Cormier J, Bianchi MT, Shafi M, Kilbride R, Cole AJ, Cash SS.
Epilepsia 2012 Feb; 53 (2) :368-76 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03355.x. Epub 2011 Dec 22. PMID:22191711 ; PMCID:PMC3267849

Status epilepticus

Ictal-interictal-injury continuum (IIIC)

Outcomes of seizures and IIIC

“Quantitative epileptiform burden and electroencephalography background features predict post-traumatic epilepsy.”
Chen Y, Li S, Ge W, Jing J, Chen HY, Doherty D, Herman A, Kaleem S, Ding K, Osman G, Swisher CB, Smith C, Maciel CB, Alkhachroum A, Lee JW, Dhakar MB, Gilmore EJ, Sivaraju A, Hirsch LJ, Omay SB, Blumenfeld H, Sheth KN, Struck AF, Edlow BL, Westover MB, Kim JA.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Mar; 94 (3) :245-249 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329542. Epub 2022 Oct 14. PMID:36241423 ; PMCID:PMC9931627

“Automated Annotation of Epileptiform Burden and Its Association with Outcomes.”
Zafar SF, Rosenthal ES, Jing J, Ge W, Tabaeizadeh M, Aboul Nour H, Shoukat M, Sun H, Javed F, Kassa S, Edhi M, Bordbar E, Gallagher J, Moura V Jr, Ghanta M, Shao YP, An S, Sun J, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Ann Neurol 2021 Aug; 90 (2) :300-311 doi: 10.1002/ana.26161. Epub 2021 Jul 20. PMID:34231244 ; PMCID:PMC8516549

“Burden of Epileptiform Activity Predicts Discharge Neurologic Outcomes in Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke.”
Tabaeizadeh M, Aboul Nour H, Shoukat M, Sun H, Jin J, Javed F, Kassa S, Edhi M, Bordbar E, Gallagher J, Moura VJ, Ghanta M, Shao YP, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Neurocrit Care 2020 Jun; 32 (3) :697-706 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00944-0. PMID:32246435 ; PMCID:PMC7416505

“Lateralized periodic discharges frequency correlates with glucose metabolism.”
Subramaniam T, Jain A, Hall LT, Cole AJ, Westover MB, Rosenthal ES, Struck AF.
Neurology 2019 Feb 12; 92 (7) :e670-e674 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006903. Epub 2019 Jan 11. PMID:30635488 ; PMCID:PMC6382363

“Neuroimaging Correlates of Periodic Discharges.”
Herlopian A, Struck AF, Rosenthal E, Westover BM.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Jul; 35 (4) :279-294 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000466. PMID:29979286 ; PMCID:PMC9371611

Triphasic waves

“Generalized periodic discharges with triphasic morphology: to treat or not to treat?.”
Nascimento FA, Chen PM, Cohen J, Westover BM.
Epileptic Disord 2021 Apr 1; 23 (2) :435-436 doi: 10.1684/epd.2021.1272. PMID:33926861 ; PMCID:PMC8592021

“A Mean Field Model of Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.”
Song J, Sun H, Jing J, Carlos L, Chao L, Cash SS, Zhang R, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018 Jul; 2018 :2366-2369 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8512786. PMID:30440882 ; PMCID:PMC7088433

“Response Rates to Anticonvulsant Trials in Patients with Triphasic-Wave EEG Patterns of Uncertain Significance.”
O’Rourke D, Chen PM, Gaspard N, Foreman B, McClain L, Karakis I, Mahulikar A, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2016 Apr; 24 (2) :233-9 doi: 10.1007/s12028-015-0151-8. PMID:26013921 ; PMCID:PMC4870012

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

“Automated EEG-based prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.”
Zheng WL, Kim JA, Elmer J, Zafar SF, Ghanta M, Moura Junior V, Patel A, Rosenthal E, Brandon Westover M.
Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Nov; 143 :97-106 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.023. Epub 2022 Sep 11. PMID:36182752 ; PMCID:PMC9847346

“High epileptiform discharge burden predicts delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.”
Kim JA, Zheng WL, Elmer J, Jing J, Zafar SF, Ghanta M, Moura V Junior, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Patel A, Rosenthal E, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Sep; 141 :139-146 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.022. Epub 2021 Mar 10. PMID:33812771 ; PMCID:PMC8429508

“Combining Transcranial Doppler and EEG Data to Predict Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Chen HY, Elmer J, Zafar SF, Ghanta M, Moura Junior V, Rosenthal ES, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch LJ, Zaveri HP, Sheth KN, Petersen NH, Westover MB, Kim JA.
Neurology 2022 Feb 1; 98 (5) :e459-e469 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013126. Epub 2021 Nov 29. PMID:34845057 ; PMCID:PMC8826465

“Electroencephalography, Hospital Complications, and Longitudinal Outcomes After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Lissak IA, Locascio JJ, Zafar SF, Schleicher RL, Patel AB, Leslie-Mazwi T, Stapleton CJ, Koch MJ, Kim JA, Anderson K, Rosand J, Westover MB, Kimberly WT, Rosenthal ES.
Neurocrit Care 2021 Oct; 35 (2) :397-408 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01177-x. Epub 2021 Jan 22. PMID:33483913 ; PMCID:PMC7822587

“Soluble ST2 Is Associated With New Epileptiform Abnormalities Following Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Lissak IA, Zafar SF, Westover MB, Schleicher RL, Kim JA, Leslie-Mazwi T, Stapleton CJ, Patel AB, Kimberly WT, Rosenthal ES.
Stroke 2020 Apr; 51 (4) :1128-1134 doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028515. Epub 2020 Mar 11. PMID:32156203 ; PMCID:PMC7123848

“Effect of epileptiform abnormality burden on neurologic outcome and antiepileptic drug management after subarachnoid hemorrhage.”
Zafar SF, Postma EN, Biswal S, Boyle EJ, Bechek S, O’Connor K, Shenoy A, Kim J, Shafi MS, Patel AB, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Nov; 129 (11) :2219-2227 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.08.015. Epub 2018 Sep 1. PMID:30212805 ; PMCID:PMC6478499

“Continuous electroencephalography predicts delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy.”
Rosenthal ES, Biswal S, Zafar SF, O’Connor KL, Bechek S, Shenoy AV, Boyle EJ, Shafi MM, Gilmore EJ, Foreman BP, Gaspard N, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Rosand J, Hoch DB, Ayata C, Cash SS, Cole AJ, Patel AB, Westover MB.
Ann Neurol 2018 May; 83 (5) :958-969 doi: 10.1002/ana.25232. Epub 2018 May 16. PMID:29659050 ; PMCID:PMC6021198

“Electronic Health Data Predict Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Zafar SF, Postma EN, Biswal S, Fleuren L, Boyle EJ, Bechek S, O’Connor K, Shenoy A, Jonnalagadda D, Kim J, Shafi MS, Patel AB, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2018 Apr; 28 (2) :184-193 doi: 10.1007/s12028-017-0466-8. PMID:28983801 ; PMCID:PMC5886829

“Epileptiform abnormalities predict delayed cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage.”
Kim JA, Rosenthal ES, Biswal S, Zafar S, Shenoy AV, O’Connor KL, Bechek SC, Valdery Moura J, Shafi MM, Patel AB, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2017 Jun; 128 (6) :1091-1099 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Jan 29. PMID:28258936 ; PMCID:PMC5476529

“Recording, analysis, and interpretation of spreading depolarizations in neurointensive care: Review and recommendations of the COSBID research group.”
Dreier JP, Fabricius M, Ayata C, Sakowitz OW, Shuttleworth CW, Dohmen C, Graf R, Vajkoczy P, Helbok R, Suzuki M, Schiefecker AJ, Major S, Winkler MK, Kang EJ, Milakara D, Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Reiffurth C, Revankar GS, Sugimoto K, Dengler NF, Hecht N, Foreman B, Feyen B, Kondziella D, Friberg CK, Piilgaard H, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB, Maslarova A, Santos E, Hertle D, Sánchez-Porras R, Jewell SL, Balança B, Platz J, Hinzman JM, Lückl J, Schoknecht K, Schöll M, Drenckhahn C, Feuerstein D, Eriksen N, Horst V, Bretz JS, Jahnke P, Scheel M, Bohner G, Rostrup E, Pakkenberg B, Heinemann U, Claassen J, Carlson AP, Kowoll CM, Lublinsky S, Chassidim Y, Shelef I, Friedman A, Brinker G, Reiner M, Kirov SA, Andrew RD, Farkas E, Güresir E, Vatter H, Chung LS, Brennan KC, Lieutaud T, Marinesco S, Maas AI, Sahuquillo J, Dahlem MA, Richter F, Herreras O, Boutelle MG, Okonkwo DO, Bullock MR, Witte OW, Martus P, van den Maagdenberg AM, Ferrari MD, Dijkhuizen RM, Shutter LA, Andaluz N, Schulte AP, MacVicar B, Watanabe T, Woitzik J, Lauritzen M, Strong AJ, Hartings JA.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017 May; 37 (5) :1595-1625 doi: 10.1177/0271678X16654496. Epub 2016 Jan 1. PMID:27317657 ; PMCID:PMC5435289

“The continuum of spreading depolarizations in acute cortical lesion development: Examining Leão’s legacy.”
Hartings JA, Shuttleworth CW, Kirov SA, Ayata C, Hinzman JM, Foreman B, Andrew RD, Boutelle MG, Brennan KC, Carlson AP, Dahlem MA, Drenckhahn C, Dohmen C, Fabricius M, Farkas E, Feuerstein D, Graf R, Helbok R, Lauritzen M, Major S, Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Richter F, Rosenthal ES, Sakowitz OW, Sánchez-Porras R, Santos E, Schöll M, Strong AJ, Urbach A, Westover MB, Winkler MK, Witte OW, Woitzik J, Dreier JP.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017 May; 37 (5) :1571-1594 doi: 10.1177/0271678X16654495. Epub 2016 Jan 1. PMID:27328690 ; PMCID:PMC5435288

“Default Mode Network Perfusion in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Nelson S, Edlow BL, Wu O, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB, Rordorf G.
Neurocrit Care 2016 Oct; 25 (2) :237-42 doi: 10.1007/s12028-016-0244-z. PMID:26800697 ; PMCID:PMC4958026

“Clinical Development and Implementation of an Institutional Guideline for Prospective EEG Monitoring and Reporting of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia.”
Muniz CF, Shenoy AV, OʼConnor KL, Bechek SC, Boyle EJ, Guanci MM, Tehan TM, Zafar SF, Cole AJ, Patel AB, Westover MB, Rosenthal ES.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Jun; 33 (3) :217-26 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000281. PMID:27258445 ; PMCID:PMC4907266

“Not a Simple Plumbing Problem: Updating Our Understanding of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Westover MB, Gaspard N.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Jun; 33 (3) :171-3 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000269. PMID:27258439 ; PMCID:PMC4894327

“Interrater Agreement for Consensus Definitions of Delayed Ischemic Events After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.”
Zafar SF, Westover MB, Gaspard N, Gilmore EJ, Foreman BP, OʼConnor KL, Rosenthal ES.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Jun; 33 (3) :235-40 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000276. PMID:27258447 ; PMCID:PMC4894325

“Automation of Classical QEEG Trending Methods for Early Detection of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: More Work to Do.”
Wickering E, Gaspard N, Zafar S, Moura VJ, Biswal S, Bechek S, OʼConnor K, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Jun; 33 (3) :227-34 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000278. PMID:27258446 ; PMCID:PMC4894333

Epilepsy after acute brain injury

“Epileptiform activity in traumatic brain injury predicts post-traumatic epilepsy.”
Kim JA, Boyle EJ, Wu AC, Cole AJ, Staley KJ, Zafar S, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Ann Neurol 2018 Apr; 83 (4) :858-862 doi: 10.1002/ana.25211. Epub 2018 Apr 10. PMID:29537656 ; PMCID:PMC5912971

Delirium and encephalopathy

“Increased task-relevant fMRI responsiveness in comatose cardiac arrest patients is associated with improved neurologic outcomes.”
Dhakal K, Rosenthal ES, Kulpanowski AM, Dodelson JA, Wang Z, Cudemus-Deseda G, Villien M, Edlow BL, Presciutti AM, Januzzi JL, Ning M, Taylor Kimberly W, Amorim E, Brandon Westover M, Copen WA, Schaefer PW, Giacino JT, Greer DM, Wu O.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024 Jan; 44 (1) :50-65 doi: 10.1177/0271678X231197392. Epub 2023 Sep 20. PMID:37728641

“Association Between Postoperative Delirium and Long-Term Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of the Minimizing Intensive Care Unit Neurological Dysfunction with Dexmedetomidine-Induced Sleep Trial.”
Namirembe GE, Baker S, Albanese M, Mueller A, Qu JZ, Mekonnen J, Wiredu K, Westover MB, Houle TT, Akeju O.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023 Sep; 37 (9) :1700-1706 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.035. Epub 2023 Apr 30. PMID:37217424 ; PMCID:PMC10524446

“Associations between early in-hospital medications and the development of delirium in patients with stroke.”
Ryan SL, Liu X, McKenna V, Ghanta M, Muniz C, Renwick R, Westover MB, Kimchi EY.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023 Sep; 32 (9) :107249 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107249. Epub 2023 Aug 1. PMID:37536017 ; PMCID:PMC10529367

“Preoperative Plasma Tau-PT217 and Tau-PT181 Are Associated With Postoperative Delirium.”
Liang F, Baldyga K, Quan Q, Khatri A, Choi S, Wiener-Kronish J, Akeju O, Westover MB, Cody K, Shen Y, Marcantonio ER, Xie Z.
Ann Surg 2023 Jun 1; 277 (6) :e1232-e1238 doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005487. Epub 2022 Jul 6. PMID:35794069 ; PMCID:PMC9875943

“Intraoperative electroencephalographic marker of preoperative frailty: A prospective cohort study.”
Boncompte G, Sun H, Elgueta MF, Benavides J, Carrasco M, Morales MI, Calderón N, Contreras V, Westover MB, Cortínez LI, Akeju O, Pedemonte JC.
J Clin Anesth 2023 Jun; 86 :111069 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111069. Epub 2023 Feb 2. PMID:36738630 ; PMCID:PMC10074446

“Estimating the number of cases of dementia that might be prevented by preventing delirium.”
Rathmell CS, Akeju O, Inouye SK, Westover MB.
Br J Anaesth 2023 Jun; 130 (6) :e477-e478 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.001. Epub 2023 Apr 6. PMID:37031027 ; PMCID:PMC10329187

“Association of Epileptiform Activity With Outcomes in Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy.”
Chen PM, Stekhoven SS, Haider A, Jing J, Ge W, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Crit Care Explor 2023 May; 5 (5) :e0913 doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000913. eCollection 2023 May. PMID:37168691 ; PMCID:PMC10166342

“Nighttime dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention in non-mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery (MINDDS): A single-centre, parallel-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial.”
Qu JZ, Mueller A, McKay TB, Westover MB, Shelton KT, Shaefi S, D’Alessandro DA, Berra L, Brown EN, Houle TT, Akeju O.
EClinicalMedicine 2023 Feb; 56 :101796 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101796. eCollection 2023 Feb. PMID:36590787 ; PMCID:PMC9800196

“EEG-based grading of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.”
Jones DK, Eckhardt CA, Sun H, Tesh RA, Malik P, Quadri S, Firme MS, van Sleuwen M, Jain A, Fan Z, Jing J, Ge W, Nascimento FA, Sheikh IS, Jacobson C, Frigault M, Kimchi EY, Cash SS, Lee JW, Dietrich J, Westover MB.
Sci Rep 2022 Nov 21; 12 (1) :20011 doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24010-1. PMID:36414694 ; PMCID:PMC9681864

“Forecasting immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy.”
Amidi Y, Eckhardt CA, Quadri SA, Malik P, Firme MS, Jones DK, Jain A, Danish HH, Rubin DB, Jacobson CA, Cash SS, Lee JW, Dietrich J, Westover MB.
J Immunother Cancer 2022 Nov; 10 (11) doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005459. PMID:36450377 ; PMCID:PMC9716920

“Hospital complications among older adults: Better processes could reduce the risk of delirium.”
Moura Junior V, Westover MB, Li F, Kimchi E, Kennedy M, Benson NM, Moura LM, Hsu J.
Health Serv Manage Res 2022 Aug; 35 (3) :154-163 doi: 10.1177/09514848211028707. Epub 2021 Jul 11. PMID:34247525 ; PMCID:PMC8748518

“Neurological Prognostication After Hypoglycemic Coma: Role of Clinical and EEG Findings.”
Bouyaknouden D, Peddada TN, Ravishankar N, Fatima S, Fong-Isariyawongse J, Gilmore EJ, Lee JW, Struck AF, Gaspard N.
Neurocrit Care 2022 Aug; 37 (1) :273-280 doi: 10.1007/s12028-022-01495-2. Epub 2022 Apr 18. PMID:35437670

“Identifying Patients With Delirium Based on Unstructured Clinical Notes: Observational Study.”
Ge W, Alabsi H, Jain A, Ye E, Sun H, Fernandes M, Magdamo C, Tesh RA, Collens SI, Newhouse A, Mvr Moura L, Zafar S, Hsu J, Akeju O, Robbins GK, Mukerji SS, Das S, Westover MB.
JMIR Form Res 2022 Jun 24; 6 (6) :e33834 doi: 10.2196/33834. PMID:35749214 ; PMCID:PMC9270709

“Predicting Neurological Outcome From Electroencephalogram Dynamics in Comatose Patients After Cardiac Arrest With Deep Learning.”
Zheng WL, Amorim E, Jing J, Wu O, Ghassemi M, Lee JW, Sivaraju A, Pang T, Herman ST, Gaspard N, Ruijter BJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022 May; 69 (5) :1813-1825 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3139007. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID:34962860 ; PMCID:PMC9087641

“VE-CAM-S: Visual EEG-Based Grading of Delirium Severity and Associations With Clinical Outcomes.”
Tesh RA, Sun H, Jing J, Westmeijer M, Neelagiri A, Rajan S, Krishnamurthy PV, Sikka P, Quadri SA, Leone MJ, Paixao L, Panneerselvam E, Eckhardt C, Struck AF, Kaplan PW, Akeju O, Jones D, Kimchi EY, Westover MB.
Crit Care Explor 2022 Jan; 4 (1) :e0611 doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000611. eCollection 2022 Jan. PMID:35072078 ; PMCID:PMC8769081

“Physiological Assessment of Delirium Severity: The Electroencephalographic Confusion Assessment Method Severity Score (E-CAM-S).”
van Sleuwen M, Sun H, Eckhardt C, Neelagiri A, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, Paixao L, Rajan S, Velpula Krishnamurthy P, Sikka P, Leone MJ, Panneerselvam E, Quadri SA, Akeju O, Kimchi EY, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2022 Jan 1; 50 (1) :e11-e19 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005224. PMID:34582420 ; PMCID:PMC8678335

“ICU delirium burden predicts functional neurologic outcomes.”
Paixao L, Sun H, Hogan J, Hartnack K, Westmeijer M, Neelagiri A, Zhou DW, McClain LM, Kimchi EY, Purdon PL, Akeju O, Westover MB.
PLoS One 2021; 16 (12) :e0259840 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259840. eCollection 2021. PMID:34855749 ; PMCID:PMC8638853

“Predicting neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest with multiscale deep neural networks.”
Zheng WL, Amorim E, Jing J, Ge W, Hong S, Wu O, Ghassemi M, Lee JW, Sivaraju A, Pang T, Herman ST, Gaspard N, Ruijter BJ, Sun J, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.
Resuscitation 2021 Dec; 169 :86-94 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.034. Epub 2021 Oct 24. PMID:34699925 ; PMCID:PMC8692444

“Postoperative delirium mediates 180-day mortality in orthopaedic trauma patients.”
Pedemonte JC, Sun H, Franco-Garcia E, Zhou C, Heng M, Quraishi SA, Westover B, Akeju O.
Br J Anaesth 2021 Jul; 127 (1) :102-109 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.03.033. Epub 2021 May 29. PMID:34074525 ; PMCID:PMC8258970

“Clinical, Imaging, and Lab Correlates of Severe COVID-19 Leukoencephalopathy.”
Rapalino O, Pourvaziri A, Maher M, Jaramillo-Cardoso A, Edlow BL, Conklin J, Huang S, Westover B, Romero JM, Halpern E, Gupta R, Pomerantz S, Schaefer P, Gonzalez RG, Mukerji SS, Lev MH.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021 Apr; 42 (4) :632-638 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6966. Epub 2021 Jan 7. PMID:33414226 ; PMCID:PMC8040983

“Electroencephalogram Burst-suppression during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Elderly Patients Mediates Postoperative Delirium.”
Pedemonte JC, Plummer GS, Chamadia S, Locascio JJ, Hahm E, Ethridge B, Gitlin J, Ibala R, Mekonnen J, Colon KM, Westover MB, D’Alessandro DA, Tolis G, Houle T, Shelton KT, Qu J, Akeju O.
Anesthesiology 2020 Aug; 133 (2) :280-292 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003328. PMID:32349072 ; PMCID:PMC7365754

“A novel neural computational model of generalized periodic discharges in acute hepatic encephalopathy.”
Song JL, Paixao L, Li Q, Li SH, Zhang R, Westover MB.
J Comput Neurosci 2019 Dec; 47 (2-3) :109-124 doi: 10.1007/s10827-019-00727-3. Epub 2019 Sep 11. PMID:31506807 ; PMCID:PMC6881550

“Clinical EEG slowing correlates with delirium severity and predicts poor clinical outcomes.”
Kimchi EY, Neelagiri A, Whitt W, Sagi AR, Ryan SL, Gadbois G, Groothuysen D, Westover MB.
Neurology 2019 Sep 24; 93 (13) :e1260-e1271 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008164. Epub 2019 Aug 29. PMID:31467255 ; PMCID:PMC7011865

“Automated tracking of level of consciousness and delirium in critical illness using deep learning.”
Sun H, Kimchi E, Akeju O, Nagaraj SB, McClain LM, Zhou DW, Boyle E, Zheng WL, Ge W, Westover MB.
NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2 :89 doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0167-0. eCollection 2019. PMID:31508499 ; PMCID:PMC6733797

“A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Postoperative Delirium.”
Fadayomi AB, Ibala R, Bilotta F, Westover MB, Akeju O.
Crit Care Med 2018 Dec; 46 (12) :e1204-e1212 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003400. PMID:30222634 ; PMCID:PMC6274586

“EEG Reactivity Evaluation Practices for Adult and Pediatric Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma Prognostication in North America.”
Amorim E, Gilmore EJ, Abend NS, Hahn CD, Gaspard N, Herman ST, Hirsch LJ, Lee JW, Cash SS, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Nov; 35 (6) :510-514 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000517. PMID:30216207 ; PMCID:PMC6424574

“EEG findings in CAR T-cell therapy-related encephalopathy.”
Herlopian A, Dietrich J, Abramson JS, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Neurology 2018 Jul 31; 91 (5) :227-229 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005910. Epub 2018 Jun 29. PMID:29959264 ; PMCID:PMC6093761

“Minimizing ICU Neurological Dysfunction with Dexmedetomidine-induced Sleep (MINDDS): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled trial.”
Shelton KT, Qu J, Bilotta F, Brown EN, Cudemus G, D’Alessandro DA, Deng H, DiBiasio A, Gitlin JA, Hahm EY, Hobbs LE, Houle TT, Ibala R, Loggia ML, Pavone KJ, Shaefi S, Tolis G, Westover MB, Akeju O.
BMJ Open 2018 Apr 20; 8 (4) :e020316 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020316. PMID:29678977 ; PMCID:PMC5914725

“Accuracy of Limited-Montage Electroencephalography in Monitoring Postanoxic Comatose Patients.”
Pati S, McClain L, Moura L, Fan Y, Westover MB.
Clin EEG Neurosci 2017 Nov; 48 (6) :422-427 doi: 10.1177/1550059417715389. Epub 2017 Jun 22. PMID:28641453 ; PMCID:PMC5835011

“Design, implementation, and evaluation of a physiological closed-loop control device for medically-induced coma.”
Jingzhi An, Purdon PL, Solt K, Sims NM, Brown EN, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017 Jul; 2017 :4313-4316 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037810. PMID:29060851 ; PMCID:PMC5835010

“Quantification of EEG reactivity in comatose patients.”
Hermans MC, Westover MB, van Putten MJAM, Hirsch LJ, Gaspard N.
Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Jan; 127 (1) :571-580 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.06.024. Epub 2015 Jul 2. PMID:26183757 ; PMCID:PMC4885124

“Robust control of burst suppression for medical coma.”
Westover MB, Kim SE, Ching S, Purdon PL, Brown EN.
J Neural Eng 2015 Aug; 12 (4) :046004 doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046004. Epub 2015 May 28. PMID:26020243 ; PMCID:PMC4517835

“An enhanced cerebral recovery index for coma prognostication following cardiac arrest.”
Ghassemi MM, Amorim E, Pati SB, Mark RG, Brown EN, Purdon PL, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015 :534-7 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318417. PMID:26736317 ; PMCID:PMC4870018

“Spatial variation in automated burst suppression detection in pharmacologically induced coma.”
An J, Jonnalagadda D, Moura V, Purdon PL, Brown EN, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015 :7430-3 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7320109. PMID:26738009 ; PMCID:PMC4876722

“Real-time closed-loop control in a rodent model of medically induced coma using burst suppression.”
Ching S, Liberman MY, Chemali JJ, Westover MB, Kenny JD, Solt K, Purdon PL, Brown EN.
Anesthesiology 2013 Oct; 119 (4) :848-60 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829d4ab4. PMID:23770601 ; PMCID:PMC3857134

CAR-T cell therapy

Cardiac arrest and coma

“The International Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium Electroencephalography Database.”
Amorim E, Zheng WL, Ghassemi MM, Aghaeeaval M, Kandhare P, Karukonda V, Lee JW, Herman ST, Sivaraju A, Gaspard N, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Sameni R, Reyna MA, Clifford GD, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2023 Dec 1; 51 (12) :1802-1811 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006074. Epub 2023 Oct 19. PMID:37855659

“Neurophysiology State Dynamics Underlying Acute Neurologic Recovery After Cardiac Arrest.”
Amorim E, Zheng WL, Jing J, Ghassemi MM, Lee JW, Wu O, Herman ST, Pang T, Sivaraju A, Gaspard N, Hirsch L, Ruijter BJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.
Neurology 2023 Aug 29; 101 (9) :e940-e952 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207537. Epub 2023 Jul 6. PMID:37414565 ; PMCID:PMC10501085

“The International Cardiac Arrest Research (I-CARE) Consortium Electroencephalography Database.”
Amorim E, Zheng WL, Ghassemi MM, Aghaeeaval M, Kandhare P, Karukonda V, Lee JW, Herman ST, Sivaraju A, Gaspard N, Hofmeijer J, van Putten MJAM, Sameni R, Reyna MA, Clifford GD, Westover MB.
medRxiv 2023 Aug 28; doi: 10.1101/2023.08.28.23294672. PMID:37693458 ; PMCID:PMC10491275

“Severe cerebral edema in substance-related cardiac arrest patients.”
Kulpanowski AM, Copen WA, Hancock BL, Rosenthal ES, Schoenfeld DA, Dodelson JA, Edlow BL, Kimberly WT, Amorim E, Westover MB, Ning MM, Schaefer PW, Malhotra R, Giacino JT, Greer DM, Wu O.
Resuscitation 2022 Apr; 173 :103-111 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.01.033. Epub 2022 Feb 8. PMID:35149137 ; PMCID:PMC9282938

“Cost-effectiveness analysis of multimodal prognostication in cardiac arrest with EEG monitoring.”
Amorim E, Mo SS, Palacios S, Ghassemi MM, Weng WH, Cash SS, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Neurology 2020 Aug 4; 95 (5) :e563-e575 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009916. Epub 2020 Jul 13. PMID:32661097 ; PMCID:PMC7455344

“MRI-EEG correlation for outcome prediction in postanoxic myoclonus: A multicenter study.”
Beuchat I, Sivaraju A, Amorim E, Gilmore EJ, Dunet V, Rossetti AO, Westover MB, Hsu L, Scirica BM, Silva D, Tang K, Lee JW.
Neurology 2020 Jul 28; 95 (4) :e335-e341 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009610. Epub 2020 Jun 1. PMID:32482841 ; PMCID:PMC7455317

“Estimating the False Positive Rate of Absent Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Cardiac Arrest Prognostication.”
Amorim E, Ghassemi MM, Lee JW, Greer DM, Kaplan PW, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2018 Dec; 46 (12) :e1213-e1221 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003436. PMID:30247243 ; PMCID:PMC6424571

Burst suppression

“Burst Suppression: Causes and Effects on Mortality in Critical Illness.”
Hogan J, Sun H, Aboul Nour H, Jing J, Tabaeizadeh M, Shoukat M, Javed F, Kassa S, Edhi MM, Bordbar E, Gallagher J, Junior VM, Ghanta M, Shao YP, Akeju O, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES, Zafar S, Westover MB.
Neurocrit Care 2020 Oct; 33 (2) :565-574 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00932-4. PMID:32096120 ; PMCID:PMC7483190

“Monitoring burst suppression in critically ill patients: Multi-centric evaluation of a novel method.”
Fürbass F, Herta J, Koren J, Westover MB, Hartmann MM, Gruber A, Baumgartner C, Kluge T.
Clin Neurophysiol 2016 Apr; 127 (4) :2038-46 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PMID:26971487 ; PMCID:PMC4879619

“The human burst suppression electroencephalogram of deep hypothermia.”
Westover MB, Ching S, Kumaraswamy VM, Akeju SO, Pierce E, Cash SS, Kilbride R, Brown EN, Purdon PL.
Clin Neurophysiol 2015 Oct; 126 (10) :1901-1914 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.022. Epub 2015 Jan 16. PMID:25649968 ; PMCID:PMC4504839

“Stimulus information stored in lasting active and hidden network states is destroyed by network bursts.”
Dranias MR, Westover MB, Cash S, VanDongen AM.
Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9 :14 doi: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00014. eCollection 2015. PMID:25755638 ; PMCID:PMC4337383

“Clustering analysis to identify distinct spectral components of encephalogram burst suppression in critically ill patients.”
Zhou DW, Westover MB, McClain LM, Nagaraj SB, Bajwa EK, Quraishi SA, Akeju O, Cobb JP, Purdon PL.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015 :7258-61 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7320067. PMID:26737967 ; PMCID:PMC4870011

“Propofol and sevoflurane induce distinct burst suppression patterns in rats.”
Kenny JD, Westover MB, Ching S, Brown EN, Solt K.
Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8 :237 doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00237. eCollection 2014. PMID:25565990 ; PMCID:PMC4270179

“Burst suppression in sleep in a routine outpatient EEG.”
Kheder A, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2014; 2 :71-4 doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2014.01.003. eCollection 2014. PMID:25667874 ; PMCID:PMC4308090

Closed loop control

Sleep

Sleep staging

“Exploiting labels from multiple experts in automated sleep scoring.”
Nasiri S, Ganglberger W, Sun H, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep 2023 May 10; 46 (5) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsad034. PMID:36795078 ; PMCID:PMC10171620

“Sleep staging in the ICU with heart rate variability and breathing signals. An exploratory cross-sectional study using deep neural networks.”
Ganglberger W, Krishnamurthy PV, Quadri SA, Tesh RA, Bucklin AA, Adra N, Da Silva Cardoso M, Leone MJ, Hemmige A, Rajan S, Panneerselvam E, Paixao L, Higgins J, Ayub MA, Shao YP, Coughlin B, Sun H, Ye EM, Cash SS, Thompson BT, Akeju O, Kuller D, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Front Netw Physiol 2023; 3 :1120390 doi: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1120390. eCollection 2023. PMID:36926545 ; PMCID:PMC10013021

“Expert-level automated sleep staging of long-term scalp electroencephalography recordings using deep learning.”
Abou Jaoude M, Sun H, Pellerin KR, Pavlova M, Sarkis RA, Cash SS, Westover MB, Lam AD.
Sleep 2020 Nov 12; 43 (11) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa112. PMID:32478820 ; PMCID:PMC7686563

“Sleep staging from electrocardiography and respiration with deep learning.”
Sun H, Ganglberger W, Panneerselvam E, Leone MJ, Quadri SA, Goparaju B, Tesh RA, Akeju O, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep 2020 Jul 13; 43 (7) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz306. PMID:31863111 ; PMCID:PMC7355395

“Artificial intelligence in sleep medicine: background and implications for clinicians.”
Goldstein CA, Berry RB, Kent DT, Kristo DA, Seixas AA, Redline S, Westover MB.
J Clin Sleep Med 2020 Apr 15; 16 (4) :609-618 doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8388. PMID:32065113 ; PMCID:PMC7161463

“Artificial intelligence in sleep medicine: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement.”
Goldstein CA, Berry RB, Kent DT, Kristo DA, Seixas AA, Redline S, Westover MB, Abbasi-Feinberg F, Aurora RN, Carden KA, Kirsch DB, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Olson EJ, Ramar K, Rosen CL, Rowley JA, Shelgikar AV.
J Clin Sleep Med 2020 Apr 15; 16 (4) :605-607 doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8288. PMID:32022674 ; PMCID:PMC7161449

“Expert-level sleep scoring with deep neural networks.”
Biswal S, Sun H, Goparaju B, Westover MB, Sun J, Bianchi MT.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2018 Dec 1; 25 (12) :1643-1650 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocy131. PMID:30445569 ; PMCID:PMC6289549

“Large-Scale Automated Sleep Staging.”
Sun H, Jia J, Goparaju B, Huang GB, Sourina O, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Sleep 2017 Oct 1; 40 (10) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx139. PMID:29029305 ; PMCID:PMC6251659

“Data-driven modeling of sleep states from EEG.”
Van Esbroeck A, Westover B.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2012 :5090-3 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6347138. PMID:23367073 ; PMCID:PMC6788787

“Power law versus exponential state transition dynamics: application to sleep-wake architecture.”
Chu-Shore J, Westover MB, Bianchi MT.
PLoS One 2010 Dec 2; 5 (12) :e14204 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014204. PMID:21151998 ; PMCID:PMC2996311

Breathing

“High prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the intensive care unit - a cross-sectional study.”
Bucklin AA, Ganglberger W, Quadri SA, Tesh RA, Adra N, Da Silva Cardoso M, Leone MJ, Krishnamurthy PV, Hemmige A, Rajan S, Panneerselvam E, Paixao L, Higgins J, Ayub MA, Shao YP, Ye EM, Coughlin B, Sun H, Cash SS, Thompson BT, Akeju O, Kuller D, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep Breath 2023 Jun; 27 (3) :1013-1026 doi: 10.1007/s11325-022-02698-9. Epub 2022 Aug 16. PMID:35971023 ; PMCID:PMC9931933

“Sleep apnea and respiratory anomaly detection from a wearable band and oxygen saturation.”
Ganglberger W, Bucklin AA, Tesh RA, Da Silva Cardoso M, Sun H, Leone MJ, Paixao L, Panneerselvam E, Ye EM, Thompson BT, Akeju O, Kuller D, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep Breath 2022 Sep; 26 (3) :1033-1044 doi: 10.1007/s11325-021-02465-2. Epub 2021 Aug 18. PMID:34409545 ; PMCID:PMC8854446

“Automated Scoring of Respiratory Events in Sleep With a Single Effort Belt and Deep Neural Networks.”
Nassi TE, Ganglberger W, Sun H, Bucklin AA, Biswal S, van Putten MJAM, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022 Jun; 69 (6) :2094-2104 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2021.3136753. Epub 2022 May 19. PMID:34928786 ; PMCID:PMC9119908

“Algorithm for automatic detection of self-similarity and prediction of residual central respiratory events during continuous positive airway pressure.”
Oppersma E, Ganglberger W, Sun H, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep 2021 Apr 9; 44 (4) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa215. PMID:33057718 ; PMCID:PMC8631077

“A cost-effectiveness analysis of nasal surgery to increase continuous positive airway pressure adherence in sleep apnea patients with nasal obstruction.”
Kempfle JS, BuSaba NY, Dobrowski JM, Westover MB, Bianchi MT.
Laryngoscope 2017 Apr; 127 (4) :977-983 doi: 10.1002/lary.26257. Epub 2016 Sep 22. PMID:27653626 ; PMCID:PMC5483184

“Decision Modeling in Sleep Apnea: The Critical Roles of Pretest Probability, Cost of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Time Horizon.”
Moro M, Westover MB, Kelly J, Bianchi MT.
J Clin Sleep Med 2016 Mar; 12 (3) :409-18 doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5596. PMID:26518699 ; PMCID:PMC4773629

“Clinical Prediction Models for Sleep Apnea: The Importance of Medical History over Symptoms.”
Ustun B, Westover MB, Rudin C, Bianchi MT.
J Clin Sleep Med 2016 Feb; 12 (2) :161-8 doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5476. PMID:26350602 ; PMCID:PMC4751423

“Applications of a Capacitor-Based Respiratory Position Sensing Device: Implications for Radiation Therapy.”
Y W, Mb W, C S, G S, Mt B, Kd W.
Austin J Med Oncol 2014; 1 (2) Epub 2014 Oct 24. PMID:31934681 ; PMCID:PMC6956860

“The challenge of undiagnosed sleep apnea in low-risk populations: a decision analysis.”
Bianchi MT, Hershman S, Bahadoran M, Ferguson M, Westover MB.
Mil Med 2014 Aug; 179 (8 Suppl) :47-54 doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00483. PMID:25102549 ; PMCID:PMC6788752

“Automated sleep apnea quantification based on respiratory movement.”
Bianchi MT, Lipoma T, Darling C, Alameddine Y, Westover MB.
Int J Med Sci 2014; 11 (8) :796-802 doi: 10.7150/ijms.9303. eCollection 2014. PMID:24936142 ; PMCID:PMC4057486

“The impact of body posture and sleep stages on sleep apnea severity in adults.”
Eiseman NA, Westover MB, Ellenbogen JM, Bianchi MT.
J Clin Sleep Med 2012 Dec 15; 8 (6) :655-66A doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2258. PMID:23243399 ; PMCID:PMC3501662

“Classification algorithms for predicting sleepiness and sleep apnea severity.”
Eiseman NA, Westover MB, Mietus JE, Thomas RJ, Bianchi MT.
J Sleep Res 2012 Feb; 21 (1) :101-12 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00935.x. Epub 2011 Jul 14. PMID:21752133 ; PMCID:PMC3698244

Insomnia

“Alternative remedies for insomnia: a proposed method for personalized therapeutic trials.”
Romero K, Goparaju B, Russo K, Westover MB, Bianchi MT.
Nat Sci Sleep 2017; 9 :97-108 doi: 10.2147/NSS.S128095. eCollection 2017. PMID:28360539 ; PMCID:PMC5364017

“Insomnia and morning motor vehicle accidents: a decision analysis of the risk of hypnotics versus the risk of untreated insomnia.”
Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
J Clin Psychopharmacol 2014 Jun; 34 (3) :400-2 doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000134. PMID:24743722 ; PMCID:PMC6794095

Brain Age Index (BAI)

“Brain health scores to predict neurological outcomes from electronic health records.”
Fernandes M, Sun H, Chemali Z, Mukerji SS, M V R Moura L, Zafar SF, Sonni A, Biffi A, Rosand J, Brandon Westover M.
Int J Med Inform 2023 Dec; 180 :105270 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105270. Epub 2023 Oct 24. PMID:37890202

“The sleep and wake electroencephalogram over the lifespan.”
Sun H, Ye E, Paixao L, Ganglberger W, Chu CJ, Zhang C, Rosand J, Mignot E, Cash SS, Gozal D, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Neurobiol Aging 2023 Apr; 124 :60-70 doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.006. Epub 2023 Jan 19. PMID:36739622 ; PMCID:PMC9957961

“Dementia detection from brain activity during sleep.”
Ye EM, Sun H, Krishnamurthy PV, Adra N, Ganglberger W, Thomas RJ, Lam AD, Westover MB.
Sleep 2023 Mar 9; 46 (3) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac286. PMID:36448766 ; PMCID:PMC9995788

“How Machine Learning is Powering Neuroimaging to Improve Brain Health.”
Singh NM, Harrod JB, Subramanian S, Robinson M, Chang K, Cetin-Karayumak S, Dalca AV, Eickhoff S, Fox M, Franke L, Golland P, Haehn D, Iglesias JE, O’Donnell LJ, Ou Y, Rathi Y, Siddiqi SH, Sun H, Westover MB, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gollub RL.
Neuroinformatics 2022 Oct; 20 (4) :943-964 doi: 10.1007/s12021-022-09572-9. Epub 2022 Mar 28. PMID:35347570 ; PMCID:PMC9515245

“Optimal spindle detection parameters for predicting cognitive performance.”
Adra N, Sun H, Ganglberger W, Ye EM, Dümmer LW, Tesh RA, Westmeijer M, Cardoso MDS, Kitchener E, Ouyang A, Salinas J, Rosand J, Cash SS, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sleep 2022 Apr 11; 45 (4) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsac001. PMID:34984446 ; PMCID:PMC8996023

“HIV increases sleep-based brain age despite antiretroviral therapy.”
Leone MJ, Sun H, Boutros CL, Liu L, Ye E, Sullivan L, Thomas RJ, Robbins GK, Mukerji SS, Westover MB.
Sleep 2021 Aug 13; 44 (8) doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab058. PMID:33783511 ; PMCID:PMC8361332

“Night-to-night variability of sleep electroencephalography-based brain age measurements.”
Hogan J, Sun H, Paixao L, Westmeijer M, Sikka P, Jin J, Tesh R, Cardoso M, Cash SS, Akeju O, Thomas R, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Jan; 132 (1) :1-12 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.029. Epub 2020 Oct 29. PMID:33248430 ; PMCID:PMC7855943

“Association of Sleep Electroencephalography-Based Brain Age Index With Dementia.”
Ye E, Sun H, Leone MJ, Paixao L, Thomas RJ, Lam AD, Westover MB.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Sep 1; 3 (9) :e2017357 doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17357. PMID:32986106 ; PMCID:PMC7522697

“Excess brain age in the sleep electroencephalogram predicts reduced life expectancy.”
Paixao L, Sikka P, Sun H, Jain A, Hogan J, Thomas R, Westover MB.
Neurobiol Aging 2020 Apr; 88 :150-155 doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.015. Epub 2019 Dec 23. PMID:31932049 ; PMCID:PMC7085452

“Brain age from the electroencephalogram of sleep.”
Sun H, Paixao L, Oliva JT, Goparaju B, Carvalho DZ, van Leeuwen KG, Akeju O, Thomas RJ, Cash SS, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Neurobiol Aging 2019 Feb; 74 :112-120 doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.016. Epub 2018 Oct 19. PMID:30448611 ; PMCID:PMC6478501

Sleep spindles

“An examination of sleep spindle metrics in the Sleep Heart Health Study: superiority of automated spindle detection over total sigma power in assessing age-related spindle decline.”
Palepu K, Sadeghi K, Kleinschmidt DF, Donoghue J, Chapman S, Arslan AR, Westover MB, Cash SS, Pathmanathan J.
BMC Neurol 2023 Oct 6; 23 (1) :359 doi: 10.1186/s12883-023-03376-3. PMID:37803266 ; PMCID:PMC10557170

“Computational Evidence for a Competitive Thalamocortical Model of Spikes and Spindle Activity in Rolandic Epilepsy.”
Li Q, Westover MB, Zhang R, Chu CJ.
Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15 :680549 doi: 10.3389/fncom.2021.680549. eCollection 2021. PMID:34220477 ; PMCID:PMC8249809

“Focal Sleep Spindle Deficits Reveal Focal Thalamocortical Dysfunction and Predict Cognitive Deficits in Sleep Activated Developmental Epilepsy.”
Kramer MA, Stoyell SM, Chinappen D, Ostrowski LM, Spencer ER, Morgan AK, Emerton BC, Jing J, Westover MB, Eden UT, Stickgold R, Manoach DS, Chu CJ.
J Neurosci 2021 Feb 24; 41 (8) :1816-1829 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2009-20.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 19. PMID:33468567 ; PMCID:PMC8115887

Dementia and sleep

“Linking brain structure, cognition, and sleep: insights from clinical data.”
Wei R, Ganglberger W, Sun H, Hadar P, Gollub RL, Pieper S, Billot B, Au R, Iglesias JE, Cash SS, Kim S, Shin C, Westover MB, Thomas RJ.
Sleep 2023 Nov 9; doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsad294. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:37950486

“Cognitive concerns are a risk factor for mortality in people with HIV and coronavirus disease 2019.”
Wilcox DR, Rudmann EA, Ye E, Noori A, Magdamo C, Jain A, Alabsi H, Foy B, Triant VA, Robbins GK, Westover MB, Das S, Mukerji SS.
AIDS 2023 Aug 1; 37 (10) :1565-1571 doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003595. Epub 2023 May 9. PMID:37195278 ; PMCID:PMC10355333

“Decoding information about cognitive health from the brainwaves of sleep.”
Adra N, Dümmer LW, Paixao L, Tesh RA, Sun H, Ganglberger W, Westmeijer M, Da Silva Cardoso M, Kumar A, Ye E, Henry J, Cash SS, Kitchener E, Leveroni CL, Au R, Rosand J, Salinas J, Lam AD, Thomas RJ, Westover MB.
Sci Rep 2023 Jul 15; 13 (1) :11448 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37128-7. PMID:37454163 ; PMCID:PMC10349883

Epilepsy

Spike Detection

“Epilepsy diagnosis using a clinical decision tool and artificially intelligent electroencephalography.”
McInnis RP, Ayub MA, Jing J, Halford JJ, Mateen FJ, Brandon Westover M.
Epilepsy Behav 2023 Apr; 141 :109135 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109135. Epub 2023 Mar 3. PMID:36871319 ; PMCID:PMC10082472

“Time-Frequency Decomposition of Scalp Electroencephalograms Improves Deep Learning-Based Epilepsy Diagnosis.”
Thangavel P, Thomas J, Peh WY, Jing J, Yuvaraj R, Cash SS, Chaudhari R, Karia S, Rathakrishnan R, Saini V, Shah N, Srivastava R, Tan YL, Westover B, Dauwels J.
Int J Neural Syst 2021 Aug; 31 (8) :2150032 doi: 10.1142/S0129065721500325. Epub 2021 Jul 16. PMID:34278972 ; PMCID:PMC9340811

“Persistent abnormalities in Rolandic thalamocortical white matter circuits in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.”
Thorn EL, Ostrowski LM, Chinappen DM, Jing J, Westover MB, Stufflebeam SM, Kramer MA, Chu CJ.
Epilepsia 2020 Nov; 61 (11) :2500-2508 doi: 10.1111/epi.16681. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID:32944938 ; PMCID:PMC7722074

“Detection of mesial temporal lobe epileptiform discharges on intracranial electrodes using deep learning.”
Abou Jaoude M, Jing J, Sun H, Jacobs CS, Pellerin KR, Westover MB, Cash SS, Lam AD.
Clin Neurophysiol 2020 Jan; 131 (1) :133-141 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.031. Epub 2019 Nov 11. PMID:31760212 ; PMCID:PMC6879011

“Development of Expert-Level Automated Detection of Epileptiform Discharges During Electroencephalogram Interpretation.”
Jing J, Sun H, Kim JA, Herlopian A, Karakis I, Ng M, Halford JJ, Maus D, Chan F, Dolatshahi M, Muniz C, Chu C, Sacca V, Pathmanathan J, Ge W, Dauwels J, Lam A, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Westover MB.
JAMA Neurol 2020 Jan 1; 77 (1) :103-108 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3485. PMID:31633740 ; PMCID:PMC6806668

“Automated epileptiform spike detection via affinity propagation-based template matching.”
Thomas J, Jing Jin, Dauwels J, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017 Jul; 2017 :3057-3060 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2017.8037502. PMID:29060543 ; PMCID:PMC5835014

“What it should mean for an algorithm to pass a statistical Turing test for detection of epileptiform discharges.”
Westover MB, Halford JJ, Bianchi MT.
Clin Neurophysiol 2017 Jul; 128 (7) :1406-1407 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.026. Epub 2017 Mar 16. PMID:28495216 ; PMCID:PMC9359665

“EPILEPTIFORM SPIKE DETECTION VIA CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS.”
Johansen AR, Jin J, Maszczyk T, Dauwels J, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process 2016 Mar; 2016 :754-758 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7471776. Epub 2016 May 19. PMID:29527131 ; PMCID:PMC5842703

Noise and bias

“Competency-based EEG education: a list of “must-know” EEG findings for adult and child neurology residents.”
Nascimento FA, Jing J, Strowd R, Sheikh IS, Weber D, Gavvala JR, Maheshwari A, Tanner A, Ng M, Vinayan KP, Sinha SR, Yacubian EM, Rao VR, Perry MS, Fountain NB, Karakis I, Wirrell E, Yuan F, Friedman D, Tankisi H, Rampp S, Fasano R, Wilmshurst JM, O’Donovan C, Schomer D, Kaplan PW, Sperling MR, Benbadis S, Westover MB, Beniczky S.
Epileptic Disord 2022 Oct 1; 24 (5) :979-982 doi: 10.1684/epd.2022.1476. PMID:35904042 ; PMCID:PMC9812628

“EEG reading with or without clinical information - a real-world practice study.”
Nascimento FA, Jing J, Beniczky S, Olandoski M, Benbadis SR, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Neurophysiol Clin 2022 Oct; 52 (5) :394-397 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Sep 17. PMID:36127207 ; PMCID:PMC9815944

“One EEG, one read - A manifesto towards reducing interrater variability among experts.”
Nascimento FA, Jing J, Beniczky S, Benbadis SR, Gavvala JR, Yacubian EMT, Wiebe S, Rampp S, van Putten MJAM, Tripathi M, Cook MJ, Kaplan PW, Tatum WO, Trinka E, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Jan; 133 :68-70 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Nov 5. PMID:34814017 ; PMCID:PMC8926459

Seizures

Seizure forecasting

Epilepsy surgery

“Reply: Computer models to inform epilepsy surgery strategies: prediction of postoperative outcome.”
Sinha N, Dauwels J, Kaiser M, Cash SS, Westover MB, Wang Y, Taylor PN.
Brain 2017 May 1; 140 (5) :e31 doi: 10.1093/brain/awx068. PMID:28334902 ; PMCID:PMC10448005

Electroencephalography (EEG)

“Identifying inpatient hospitalizations with continuous electroencephalogram monitoring from administrative data.”
Fernandes M, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
BMC Health Serv Res 2023 Nov 10; 23 (1) :1234 doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10262-8. PMID:37950245 ; PMCID:PMC10636942

“Real-World Continuous EEG Utilization and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases.”
Amerineni R, Sun H, Fernandes MB, Westover MB, Moura L, Patorno E, Hsu J, Zafar SF.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2023 Oct 30; doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000001043. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:37938032

“A Real-Time Neurophysiologic Stress Test for the Aging Brain: Novel Perioperative and ICU Applications of EEG in Older Surgical Patients.”
Berger M, Ryu D, Reese M, McGuigan S, Evered LA, Price CC, Scott DA, Westover MB, Eckenhoff R, Bonanni L, Sweeney A, Babiloni C.
Neurotherapeutics 2023 Jul; 20 (4) :975-1000 doi: 10.1007/s13311-023-01401-4. Epub 2023 Jul 12. PMID:37436580 ; PMCID:PMC10457272

“Identifying inpatient hospitalizations with continuous electroencephalogram monitoring from administrative data.”
Fernandes M, Westover MB, Zafar SF.
Res Sq 2023 May 8; doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2882806/v1. PMID:37214908 ; PMCID:PMC10197757

“Improving automated diagnosis of epilepsy from EEGs beyond IEDs.”
Thangavel P, Thomas J, Sinha N, Peh WY, Yuvaraj R, Cash SS, Chaudhari R, Karia S, Jing J, Rathakrishnan R, Saini V, Shah N, Srivastava R, Tan YL, Westover B, Dauwels J.
J Neural Eng 2022 Nov 24; 19 (6) doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9c93. PMID:36270485

“Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Continuous EEG Utilization.”
Zafar SF, Khozein RJ, LaRoche SM, Westover MB, Gilmore EJ.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Nov 1; 39 (7) :567-574 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000802. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID:33394823 ; PMCID:PMC8217411

“Noninvasive Detection of Hippocampal Epileptiform Activity on Scalp Electroencephalogram.”
Abou Jaoude M, Jacobs CS, Sarkis RA, Jing J, Pellerin KR, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Westover MB, Lam AD.
JAMA Neurol 2022 Jun 1; 79 (6) :614-622 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0888. PMID:35499837 ; PMCID:PMC9062772

“A Primer on EEG Spectrograms.”
Ng MC, Jing J, Westover MB.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2022 Mar 1; 39 (3) :177-183 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000736. PMID:34510095 ; PMCID:PMC8901534

“Clinical Electroencephalography Findings and Considerations in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.”
Ayub N, Cohen J, Jing J, Jain A, Tesh R, Mukerji SS, Zafar SF, Westover MB, Kimchi EY.
Neurohospitalist 2021 Jul; 11 (3) :204-213 doi: 10.1177/1941874420972237. Epub 2020 Dec 3. PMID:34163546 ; PMCID:PMC8182395

“Electroencephalographic Abnormalities are Common in COVID-19 and are Associated with Outcomes.”
Lin L, Al-Faraj A, Ayub N, Bravo P, Das S, Ferlini L, Karakis I, Lee JW, Mukerji SS, Newey CR, Pathmanathan J, Abdennadher M, Casassa C, Gaspard N, Goldenholz DM, Gilmore EJ, Jing J, Kim JA, Kimchi EY, Ladha HS, Tobochnik S, Zafar S, Hirsch LJ, Westover MB, Shafi MM.
Ann Neurol 2021 May; 89 (5) :872-883 doi: 10.1002/ana.26060. Epub 2021 Mar 24. PMID:33704826 ; PMCID:PMC8104061

“Continuous EEG Findings in Autoimmune Encephalitis.”
Moise AM, Karakis I, Herlopian A, Dhakar M, Hirsch LJ, Cotsonis G, LaRoche S, Cabrera Kang CM, Westover B, Rodriguez A.
J Clin Neurophysiol 2021 Mar 1; 38 (2) :124-129 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000654. PMID:31800465 ; PMCID:PMC7263965

“Diagnostic Value of Electroencephalography with Ten Electrodes in Critically Ill Patients.”
Westover MB, Gururangan K, Markert MS, Blond BN, Lai S, Benard S, Bickel S, Hirsch LJ, Parvizi J.
Neurocrit Care 2020 Oct; 33 (2) :479-490 doi: 10.1007/s12028-019-00911-4. PMID:32034656 ; PMCID:PMC7416437

“Clinical Electroencephalography Findings and Considerations in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.”
Ayub N, Cohen J, Jing J, Jain A, Tesh R, Mukerji SS, Zafar SF, Westover MB, Kimchi EY.
medRxiv 2020 Jul 15; doi: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20152207. PMID:32699855 ; PMCID:PMC7373142

“Adaptive Sedation Monitoring From EEG in ICU Patients With Online Learning.”
Zheng WL, Sun H, Akeju O, Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020 Jun; 67 (6) :1696-1706 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2943062. Epub 2019 Sep 23. PMID:31545708 ; PMCID:PMC7085963

“EEG Functional Connectivity is a Weak Predictor of Causal Brain Interactions.”
Vink JJT, Klooster DCW, Ozdemir RA, Westover MB, Pascual-Leone A, Shafi MM.
Brain Topogr 2020 Mar; 33 (2) :221-237 doi: 10.1007/s10548-020-00757-6. Epub 2020 Feb 24. PMID:32090281 ; PMCID:PMC7191224

“Drug-Specific Models Improve the Performance of an EEG-based Automated Brain-State Prediction System.”
Kashkooli K, Polk SL, Chamadia S, Hahm E, Ethridge B, Gitlin J, Ibala R, Mekonnen J, Pedemonte J, Murphy JM, Sun H, Westover MB, Akeju O.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019 Jul; 2019 :5808-5811 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856935. PMID:31947172 ; PMCID:PMC7077760

“Detecting abnormal electroencephalograms using deep convolutional networks.”
van Leeuwen KG, Sun H, Tabaeizadeh M, Struck AF, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.
Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Jan; 130 (1) :77-84 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.012. Epub 2018 Nov 17. PMID:30481649 ; PMCID:PMC6309707

“Electroencephalogram Based Detection of Deep Sedation in ICU Patients Using Atomic Decomposition.”
Nagaraj SB, McClain LM, Boyle EJ, Zhou DW, Ramaswamy SM, Biswal S, Akeju O, Purdon PL, Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018 Dec; 65 (12) :2684-2691 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2018.2813265. Epub 2018 Mar 7. PMID:29993386 ; PMCID:PMC6424570

“Brain Monitoring of Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit Using a Recurrent Neural Network.”
Sun H, Nagaraj SB, Akeju O, Purdon PL, Westover BM.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018 Jul; 2018 :1-4 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513185. PMID:30440304 ; PMCID:PMC6775766

“Continuous EEG monitoring enhances multimodal outcome prediction in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.”
Amorim E, Rittenberger JC, Zheng JJ, Westover MB, Baldwin ME, Callaway CW, Popescu A.
Resuscitation 2016 Dec; 109 :121-126 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.08.012. Epub 2016 Aug 21. PMID:27554945 ; PMCID:PMC5124407

“Age-dependency of sevoflurane-induced electroencephalogram dynamics in children.”
Akeju O, Pavone KJ, Thum JA, Firth PG, Westover MB, Puglia M, Shank ES, Brown EN, Purdon PL.
Br J Anaesth 2015 Jul; 115 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1) :i66-i76 doi: 10.1093/bja/aev114. PMID:26174303 ; PMCID:PMC4501917

“Automated information extraction from free-text EEG reports.”
Biswal S, Nip Z, Moura Junior V, Bianchi MT, Rosenthal ES, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015 :6804-7 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319956. PMID:26737856 ; PMCID:PMC4872711

“Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on frontal electroencephalogram power and coherence.”
Akeju O, Westover MB, Pavone KJ, Sampson AL, Hartnack KE, Brown EN, Purdon PL.
Anesthesiology 2014 Nov; 121 (5) :990-8 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000436. PMID:25233374 ; PMCID:PMC4206606

“A comparison of propofol- and dexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram dynamics using spectral and coherence analysis.”
Akeju O, Pavone KJ, Westover MB, Vazquez R, Prerau MJ, Harrell PG, Hartnack KE, Rhee J, Sampson AL, Habeeb K, Gao L, Pierce ET, Walsh JL, Brown EN, Purdon PL.
Anesthesiology 2014 Nov; 121 (5) :978-89 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000419. PMID:25187999 ; PMCID:PMC4304638

“Emergence of stable functional networks in long-term human electroencephalography.”
Chu CJ, Kramer MA, Pathmanathan J, Bianchi MT, Westover MB, Wizon L, Cash SS.
J Neurosci 2012 Feb 22; 32 (8) :2703-13 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5669-11.2012. PMID:22357854 ; PMCID:PMC3361717

“Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI.”
Pascual-Leone A, Freitas C, Oberman L, Horvath JC, Halko M, Eldaief M, Bashir S, Vernet M, Shafi M, Westover B, Vahabzadeh-Hagh AM, Rotenberg A.
Brain Topogr 2011 Oct; 24 (3-4) :302-15 doi: 10.1007/s10548-011-0196-8. Epub 2011 Aug 14. PMID:21842407 ; PMCID:PMC3374641

Brain Networks

Funcational connectivity

“Cortical responses to noninvasive perturbations enable individual brain fingerprinting.”
Ozdemir RA, Tadayon E, Boucher P, Sun H, Momi D, Ganglberger W, Westover MB, Pascual-Leone A, Santarnecchi E, Shafi MM.
Brain Stimul 2021 Mar-Apr; 14 (2) :391-403 doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.02.005. Epub 2021 Feb 12. PMID:33588105 ; PMCID:PMC8108003

“Physiological consequences of abnormal connectivity in a developmental epilepsy.”
Shafi MM, Vernet M, Klooster D, Chu CJ, Boric K, Barnard ME, Romatoski K, Westover MB, Christodoulou JA, Gabrieli JD, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Pascual-Leone A, Chang BS.
Ann Neurol 2015 Mar; 77 (3) :487-503 doi: 10.1002/ana.24343. Epub 2015 Jan 29. PMID:25858773 ; PMCID:PMC4394240

“Exploration and modulation of brain network interactions with noninvasive brain stimulation in combination with neuroimaging.”
Shafi MM, Westover MB, Fox MD, Pascual-Leone A.
Eur J Neurosci 2012 Mar; 35 (6) :805-25 doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08035.x. PMID:22429242 ; PMCID:PMC3313459

Computational neuroscience

“A model of metabolic supply-demand mismatch leading to secondary brain injury.”
Song JL, Kim JA, Struck AF, Zhang R, Westover MB.
J Neurophysiol 2021 Aug 1; 126 (2) :653-667 doi: 10.1152/jn.00674.2020. Epub 2021 Jul 7. PMID:34232754 ; PMCID:PMC8815783

“Layer 4C in monkey V1 may linearize the output of the LGN.”
Westover MB, Anderson CH.
Neurocomputing (Amst) 2003 Jun; 52-54 :671-676 doi: 10.1016/s0925-2312(02)00863-9. Epub 2003 Jan 28. PMID:32153320 ; PMCID:PMC7062374

“The neural multiple access channel.”
Fischer BJ, Westover MB.
Neurocomputing (Amst) 2003 Jun; 52-54 :511-518 doi: 10.1016/s0925-2312(02)00762-2. Epub 2003 Jan 29. PMID:32153319 ; PMCID:PMC7062373

“A general framework for neurobiological modeling: an application to the vestibular system.”
Eliasmith C, Westover MB, Anderson CH.
Neurocomputing (Amst) 2002 Jun; 44-46 :1071-6 doi: 10.1016/s0925-2312(02)00418-6. PMID:12744262 ; PMCID:PMC6788744

“Linearly decodable functions from neural population codes.”
Westover MB, Eliasmith C, Anderson CH.
Neurocomputing (Amst) 2002 Jun; 44-46 :691-696 doi: 10.1016/s0925-2312(02)00459-9. Epub 2002 Mar 26. PMID:32153318 ; PMCID:PMC7062372

Medical Decision Making

Decision analysis

“Anticonvulsant Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Decision Analysis.”
Jones FJS, Sanches PR, Smith JR, Zafar SF, Hernandez-Diaz S, Blacker D, Hsu J, Schwamm LH, Westover MB, Moura LMVR.
Stroke 2021 Aug; 52 (9) :2782-2791 doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033299. Epub 2021 Jun 15. PMID:34126758 ; PMCID:PMC8384723

“Selection of first-line therapy in multiple sclerosis using risk-benefit decision analysis.”
Bargiela D, Bianchi MT, Westover MB, Chibnik LB, Healy BC, De Jager PL, Xia Z.
Neurology 2017 Feb 14; 88 (7) :677-684 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003612. Epub 2017 Jan 13. PMID:28087821 ; PMCID:PMC5317380

“Decision analysis of intracranial monitoring in non-lesional epilepsy.”
Hotan GC, Struck AF, Bianchi MT, Eskandar EN, Cole AJ, Westover MB.
Seizure 2016 Aug; 40 :59-70 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 18. PMID:27348062 ; PMCID:PMC4967015

“Weighing the value of memory loss in the surgical evaluation of left temporal lobe epilepsy: a decision analysis.”
Akama-Garren EH, Bianchi MT, Leveroni C, Cole AJ, Cash SS, Westover MB.
Epilepsia 2014 Nov; 55 (11) :1844-53 doi: 10.1111/epi.12790. Epub 2014 Sep 19. PMID:25244498 ; PMCID:PMC4877127

“Aspirin for acute stroke of unknown etiology in resource-limited settings: a decision analysis.”
Berkowitz AL, Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Chou SH.
Neurology 2014 Aug 26; 83 (9) :787-93 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000730. Epub 2014 Jul 23. PMID:25056582 ; PMCID:PMC4155044

“Should risky treatments be reserved for secondary prevention? Theoretical considerations regarding risk-benefit tradeoffs.”
Westover MB, Eiseman NA, Bianchi MT.
J Clin Epidemiol 2012 Aug; 65 (8) :877-86 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 May 27. PMID:22640567 ; PMCID:PMC6794097

“Statin use following intracerebral hemorrhage: a decision analysis.”
Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Eckman MH, Greenberg SM.
Arch Neurol 2011 May; 68 (5) :573-9 doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.356. Epub 2011 Jan 10. PMID:21220650 ; PMCID:PMC3158138

Medical informatics

Non-neurology informatics

“Prediction of operative mortality for patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures without established risk scores.”
Ong CS, Reinertsen E, Sun H, Moonsamy P, Mohan N, Funamoto M, Kaneko T, Shekar PS, Schena S, Lawton JS, D’Alessandro DA, Westover MB, Aguirre AD, Sundt TM.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023 Apr; 165 (4) :1449-1459.e15 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.09.010. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID:34607725 ; PMCID:PMC8918430

“A machine learning approach to predict progression on active surveillance for prostate cancer.”
Nayan M, Salari K, Bozzo A, Ganglberger W, Lu G, Carvalho F, Gusev A, Schneider A, Westover BM, Feldman AS.
Urol Oncol 2022 Apr; 40 (4) :161.e1-161.e7 doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Aug 29. PMID:34465541 ; PMCID:PMC8882704

“Early Prediction of Sepsis From Clinical Data: The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019.”
Reyna MA, Josef CS, Jeter R, Shashikumar SP, Westover MB, Nemati S, Clifford GD, Sharma A.
Crit Care Med 2020 Feb; 48 (2) :210-217 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004145. PMID:31939789 ; PMCID:PMC6964870

“Real-Time, Automated Detection of Ventilator-Associated Events: Avoiding Missed Detections, Misclassifications, and False Detections Due to Human Error.”
Shenoy ES, Rosenthal ES, Shao YP, Biswal S, Ghanta M, Ryan EE, Suslak D, Swanson N, Junior VM, Hooper DC, Westover MB.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018 Jul; 39 (7) :826-833 doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.97. Epub 2018 May 17. PMID:29769151 ; PMCID:PMC6776240

“Automated surveillance for central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care units.”
Woeltje KF, Butler AM, Goris AJ, Tutlam NT, Doherty JA, Westover MB, Ferris V, Bailey TC.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008 Sep; 29 (9) :842-6 doi: 10.1086/590261. PMID:18713052 ; PMCID:PMC6788749

Machine learning and AI

“Identification of patients with epilepsy using automated electronic health records phenotyping.”
Fernandes M, Cardall A, Jing J, Ge W, Moura LMVR, Jacobs C, McGraw C, Zafar SF, Westover MB.
Epilepsia 2023 Jun; 64 (6) :1472-1481 doi: 10.1111/epi.17589. Epub 2023 Apr 4. PMID:36934317 ; PMCID:PMC10239346

“Sample Size Analysis for Machine Learning Clinical Validation Studies.”
Goldenholz DM, Sun H, Ganglberger W, Westover MB.
Biomedicines 2023 Feb 23; 11 (3) doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11030685. PMID:36979665 ; PMCID:PMC10045793

“Artificial intelligence foundation for therapeutic science.”
Huang K, Fu T, Gao W, Zhao Y, Roohani Y, Leskovec J, Coley CW, Xiao C, Sun J, Zitnik M.
Nat Chem Biol 2022 Oct; 18 (10) :1033-1036 doi: 10.1038/s41589-022-01131-2. PMID:36131149 ; PMCID:PMC9529840

“Development and Prospective Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Predicting Need for Mechanical Ventilation.”
Shashikumar SP, Wardi G, Paul P, Carlile M, Brenner LN, Hibbert KA, North CM, Mukerji SS, Robbins GK, Shao YP, Westover MB, Nemati S, Malhotra A.
Chest 2021 Jun; 159 (6) :2264-2273 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.12.009. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID:33345948 ; PMCID:PMC8027289

“Improved tracking of sevoflurane anesthetic states with drug-specific machine learning models.”
Kashkooli K, Polk SL, Hahm EY, Murphy J, Ethridge BR, Gitlin J, Ibala R, Mekonnen J, Pedemonte JC, Sun H, Westover MB, Barbieri R, Akeju O, Chamadia S.
J Neural Eng 2020 Aug 4; 17 (4) :046020 doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab98da. PMID:32485685 ; PMCID:PMC7540939

“Development and Prospective Validation of a Transparent Deep Learning Algorithm for Predicting Need for Mechanical Ventilation.”
Shashikumar SP, Wardi G, Paul P, Carlile M, Brenner LN, Hibbert KA, North CM, Mukerji S, Robbins G, Shao YP, Malhotra A, Westover B, Nemati S.
medRxiv 2020 Jun 3; doi: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20118109. PMID:32577682 ; PMCID:PMC7302288

“Physiology as a Lingua Franca for Clinical Machine Learning.”
Sarma GP, Reinertsen E.
Patterns (N Y) 2020 May 8; 1 (2) :100017 doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100017. eCollection 2020 May 8. PMID:33205094 ; PMCID:PMC7660423

“Predicting drug-resistant epilepsy - A machine learning approach based on administrative claims data.”
An S, Malhotra K, Dilley C, Han-Burgess E, Valdez JN, Robertson J, Clark C, Westover MB, Sun J.
Epilepsy Behav 2018 Dec; 89 :118-125 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.10.013. Epub 2018 Nov 7. PMID:30412924 ; PMCID:PMC6461470

“Sparse extreme learning machine for classification.”
Bai Z, Huang GB, Wang D, Wang H, Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Cybern 2014 Oct; 44 (10) :1858-70 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2014.2298235. PMID:25222727 ; PMCID:PMC4883115

Risk prediction models

“SCRIB: Set-Classifier with Class-Specific Risk Bounds for Blackbox Models.”
Lin Z, Glass L, Brandon Westover M, Xiao C, Sun J.
Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell 2022 Jun 30; 36 (7) :7497-7505 doi: 10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20714. PMID:37144139 ; PMCID:PMC10155818

“Cancer Risk in Patients With and Relatives of Serrated Polyposis Syndrome and Sporadic Sessile Serrated Lesions.”
Kanth P, Yu Z, Keener MB, Koptiuch C, Kohlmann WK, Neklason DW, Westover M, Curtin K.
Am J Gastroenterol 2022 Feb 1; 117 (2) :336-342 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001572. PMID:34889311

“CoVA: An Acuity Score for Outpatient Screening that Predicts Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prognosis.”
Sun H, Jain A, Leone MJ, Alabsi HS, Brenner LN, Ye E, Ge W, Shao YP, Boutros CL, Wang R, Tesh RA, Magdamo C, Collens SI, Ganglberger W, Bassett IV, Meigs JB, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Li MD, Chu JT, Dougan ML, Stratton LW, Rosand J, Fischl B, Das S, Mukerji SS, Robbins GK, Westover MB.
J Infect Dis 2021 Jan 4; 223 (1) :38-46 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa663. PMID:33098643 ; PMCID:PMC7665643

“Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width With Mortality Risk in Hospitalized Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.”
Foy BH, Carlson JCT, Reinertsen E, Padros I Valls R, Pallares Lopez R, Palanques-Tost E, Mow C, Westover MB, Aguirre AD, Higgins JM.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Sep 1; 3 (9) :e2022058 doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22058. PMID:32965501 ; PMCID:PMC7512057

“COVID-19 Outpatient Screening: a Prediction Score for Adverse Events.”
Sun H, Jain A, Leone MJ, Alabsi HS, Brenner L, Ye E, Ge W, Shao YP, Boutros C, Wang R, Tesh R, Magdamo C, Collens SI, Ganglberger W, Bassett IV, Meigs JB, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Li MD, Chu J, Dougan ML, Stratton L, Rosand J, Fischl B, Das S, Mukerji S, Robbins GK, Westover MB.
medRxiv 2020 Jun 22; doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20134262. PMID:32607523 ; PMCID:PMC7325189

“Should a sentinel node biopsy be performed in patients with high-risk breast cancer?.”
Westover KD, Westover MB, Winer EP, Richardson AL, Iglehart JD, Punglia RS.
Int J Breast Cancer 2011; 2011 :973245 doi: 10.4061/2011/973245. Epub 2011 Aug 10. PMID:22295240 ; PMCID:PMC3262582

“Analysis of SPARCL trial data for reduction of future stroke risk in older stroke patients with recent stroke or TIA.”
Bianchi MT, Westover B.
Neurology 2009 Sep 8; 73 (10) :817-8; author reply 818 PMID:19746523

Electronic health records phenotyping & NLP

“Improving Neurology Clinical Care With Natural Language Processing Tools.”
Ge W, Rice HJ, Sheikh IS, Westover MB, Weathers AL, Jones LK, Moura L.
Neurology 2023 Nov 27; 101 (22) :1010-1018 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207853. PMID:37816638

“Classification of neurologic outcomes from medical notes using natural language processing.”
Fernandes MB, Valizadeh N, Alabsi HS, Quadri SA, Tesh RA, Bucklin AA, Sun H, Jain A, Brenner LN, Ye E, Ge W, Collens SI, Lin S, Das S, Robbins GK, Zafar SF, Mukerji SS, Westover MB.
Expert Syst Appl 2023 Mar 15; 214 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119171. Epub 2022 Nov 6. PMID:36865787 ; PMCID:PMC9974159

“A replicable, open-source, data integration method to support national practice-based research & quality improvement systems.”
Fernandes M, Donahue MA, Hoch D, Cash S, Zafar S, Jacobs C, Hosford M, Voinescu PE, Fureman B, Buchhalter J, McGraw CM, Westover MB, Moura LMVR.
Epilepsy Res 2022 Oct; 186 :107013 doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107013. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID:35994859 ; PMCID:PMC9810436

“Classification of the Disposition of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Reading Discharge Summaries Using Natural Language Processing.”
Fernandes M, Sun H, Jain A, Alabsi HS, Brenner LN, Ye E, Ge W, Collens SI, Leone MJ, Das S, Robbins GK, Mukerji SS, Westover MB.
JMIR Med Inform 2021 Feb 10; 9 (2) :e25457 doi: 10.2196/25457. PMID:33449908 ; PMCID:PMC7879729

Time series analysis

“Addressing Big Data Time Series: Mining Trillions of Time Series Subsequences Under Dynamic Time Warping.”
Rakthanmanon T, Campana B, Mueen A, Batista G, Westover B, Zhu Q, Zakaria J, Keogh E.
ACM Trans Knowl Discov Data 2013 Sep; 7 (3) PMID:31607834 ; PMCID:PMC6790126

“Searching and Mining Trillions of Time Series Subsequences under Dynamic Time Warping.”
Rakthanmanon T, Campana B, Mueen A, Batista G, Westover B, Zhu Q, Zakaria J, Keogh E.
KDD 2012 Aug; 2012 :262-270 doi: 10.1145/2339530.2339576. PMID:31660254 ; PMCID:PMC6816304

“Exact Discovery of Time Series Motifs.”
Mueen A, Keogh E, Zhu Q, Cash S, Westover B.
Proc SIAM Int Conf Data Min 2009; 2009 :473-484 doi: 10.1137/1.9781611972795.41. PMID:31656693 ; PMCID:PMC6814436

COVID-19

“Prolonged Unconsciousness is Common in COVID-19 and Associated with Hypoxemia.”
Waldrop G, Safavynia SA, Barra ME, Agarwal S, Berlin DA, Boehme AK, Brodie D, Choi JM, Doyle K, Fins JJ, Ganglberger W, Hoffman K, Mittel AM, Roh D, Mukerji SS, Der Nigoghossian C, Park S, Schenck EJ, Salazar-Schicchi J, Shen Q, Sholle E, Velazquez AG, Walline MC, Westover MB, Brown EN, Victor J, Edlow BL, Schiff ND, Claassen J.
Ann Neurol 2022 Jun; 91 (6) :740-755 doi: 10.1002/ana.26342. Epub 2022 Apr 21. PMID:35254675 ; PMCID:PMC9082460

“Global Incidence of Neurological Manifestations Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19-A Report for the GCS-NeuroCOVID Consortium and the ENERGY Consortium.”
Chou SH, Beghi E, Helbok R, Moro E, Sampson J, Altamirano V, Mainali S, Bassetti C, Suarez JI, McNett M.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 May 3; 4 (5) :e2112131 doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12131. PMID:33974053 ; PMCID:PMC8114143

“Prolonged Intubation in Patients With Prior Cerebrovascular Disease and COVID-19.”
Mukerji SS, Das S, Alabsi H, Brenner LN, Jain A, Magdamo C, Collens SI, Ye E, Keller K, Boutros CL, Leone MJ, Newhouse A, Foy B, Li MD, Lang M, Anahtar MN, Shao YP, Ge W, Sun H, Triant VA, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Higgins J, Rosand J, Robbins GK, Westover MB.
Front Neurol 2021; 12 :642912 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.642912. eCollection 2021. PMID:33897598 ; PMCID:PMC8062773

“Susceptibility-weighted imaging reveals cerebral microvascular injury in severe COVID-19.”
Conklin J, Frosch MP, Mukerji SS, Rapalino O, Maher MD, Schaefer PW, Lev MH, Gonzalez RG, Das S, Champion SN, Magdamo C, Sen P, Harrold GK, Alabsi H, Normandin E, Shaw B, Lemieux JE, Sabeti PC, Branda JA, Brown EN, Westover MB, Huang SY, Edlow BL.
J Neurol Sci 2021 Feb 15; 421 :117308 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117308. Epub 2021 Jan 15. PMID:33497950 ; PMCID:PMC7832284

“Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Severe COVID-19.”
Conklin J, Frosch MP, Mukerji S, Rapalino O, Maher M, Schaefer PW, Lev MH, Gonzalez RG, Das S, Champion SN, Magdamo C, Sen P, Harrold GK, Alabsi H, Normandin E, Shaw B, Lemieux J, Sabeti P, Branda JA, Brown EN, Westover MB, Huang SY, Edlow BL.
medRxiv 2020 Jul 24; doi: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20159376. PMID:32743599 ; PMCID:PMC7386523

“Innate immune signaling in the olfactory epithelium reduces odorant receptor levels: modeling transient smell loss in COVID-19 patients.”
Rodriguez S, Cao L, Rickenbacher GT, Benz EG, Magdamo C, Gomez LR, Holbrook EH, Albers AD, Gallagher R, Westover MB, Evans KE, Tatar DJ, Mukerji S, Zafonte R, Boyer EW, Yu CR, Albers MW.
medRxiv 2020 Jun 16; doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20131128. PMID:32587994 ; PMCID:PMC7310652

Probability, statistics, information, causal inference

Probability, statistics, causal inference

“Rule of 100: a litmus test for informationless diagnostic tests.”
Westover AM, Shapiro D, Westover MB, Bianchi MT.
Postgrad Med J 2018 Jun; 94 (1112) :364-366 doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135555. Epub 2018 Mar 7. PMID:29514996 ; PMCID:PMC6771257

“Causal inference as an emerging statistical approach in neurology: an example for epilepsy in the elderly.”
Moura LM, Westover MB, Kwasnik D, Cole AJ, Hsu J.
Clin Epidemiol 2017; 9 :9-18 doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S121023. eCollection 2017. PMID:28115873 ; PMCID:PMC5221551

“Information theoretic quantification of diagnostic uncertainty.”
Westover MB, Eiseman NA, Cash SS, Bianchi MT.
Open Med Inform J 2012; 6 :36-50 doi: 10.2174/1874431101206010036. Epub 2012 Dec 14. PMID:23304251 ; PMCID:PMC3537080

“Propagation of uncertainty in Bayesian diagnostic test interpretation.”
Srinivasan P, Westover MB, Bianchi MT.
South Med J 2012 Sep; 105 (9) :452-9 doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3182621a2c. PMID:22948322 ; PMCID:PMC6785978

“Significance testing as perverse probabilistic reasoning.”
Westover MB, Westover KD, Bianchi MT.
BMC Med 2011 Feb 28; 9 :20 doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-20. PMID:21356064 ; PMCID:PMC3058025

Information theory

“The information theoretic perspective on medical diagnostic inference.”
Eiseman NA, Bianchi MT, Westover MB.
Hosp Pract (1995) 2014 Apr; 42 (2) :125-38 doi: 10.3810/hp.2014.04.1110. PMID:24769791 ; PMCID:PMC6993929

“Asymptotic Geometry of Multiple Hypothesis Testing.”
Westover MB.
IEEE Trans Inf Theory 2008 Jul; 54 (7) :3327-3329 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2008.924656. Epub 2008 Jun 17. PMID:31607755 ; PMCID:PMC6788803

“Achievable Rates for Pattern Recognition.”
Westover MB, O’Sullivan JA.
IEEE Trans Inf Theory 2008 Jan; 54 (1) :299-320 doi: 10.1109/tit.2007.911296. Epub 2008 Jan 4. PMID:32153303 ; PMCID:PMC7062371

Sedation and anesthesia

“Monitoring of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients using remote technology.”
Hanidziar D, Westover MB.
Curr Opin Crit Care 2022 Jun 1; 28 (3) :360-366 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000940. PMID:35653256 ; PMCID:PMC9434805

“Patient-Specific Classification of ICU Sedation Levels From Heart Rate Variability.”
Nagaraj SB, Biswal S, Boyle EJ, Zhou DW, McClain LM, Bajwa EK, Quraishi SA, Akeju O, Barbieri R, Purdon PL, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2017 Jul; 45 (7) :e683-e690 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002364. PMID:28441231 ; PMCID:PMC5474145

“Automatic Classification of Sedation Levels in ICU Patients Using Heart Rate Variability.”
Nagaraj SB, McClain LM, Zhou DW, Biswal S, Rosenthal ES, Purdon PL, Westover MB.
Crit Care Med 2016 Sep; 44 (9) :e782-9 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001708. PMID:27035240 ; PMCID:PMC4987179

“Heart rate variability as a biomarker for sedation depth estimation in ICU patients.”
Nagaraj SB, Ramaswamy SM, Biswal S, Boyle EJ, Zhou DW, Mcclain LM, Rosenthal ES, Purdon PL, Westover MB.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016 Aug; 2016 :6397-6400 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7592192. PMID:28269712 ; PMCID:PMC5478422

General Neurology

“Estimating Total Cerebral Microinfarct Burden From Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.”
Auriel E, Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Reijmer Y, Martinez-Ramirez S, Ni J, Van Etten E, Frosch MP, Fotiadis P, Schwab K, Vashkevich A, Boulouis G, Younger AP, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Hedden T, Gurol ME, Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM.
Stroke 2015 Aug; 46 (8) :2129-35 doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.009208. Epub 2015 Jul 9. PMID:26159796 ; PMCID:PMC4519384

“Cerebrospinal fluid shunt-induced chorea: case report and review of the literature on shunt-related movement disorders.”
de Gusmäo CM, Berkowitz AL, Hung AY, Westover MB.
Pract Neurol 2015 Feb; 15 (1) :42-4 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2014-000913. Epub 2014 Jul 4. PMID:24997172 ; PMCID:PMC4870013

“Estimating cerebral microinfarct burden from autopsy samples.”
Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Yang C, Schneider JA, Greenberg SM.
Neurology 2013 Apr 9; 80 (15) :1365-9 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828c2f52. Epub 2013 Mar 13. PMID:23486880 ; PMCID:PMC3662273

“Reversible vasoconstriction syndrome with bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhages.”
Westover MB, Cohen AB.
J Neuroimaging 2013 Jan; 23 (1) :122-5 doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2011.00645.x. Epub 2011 Sep 7. PMID:21899647 ; PMCID:PMC6788746

“Cerebral infarction due to smoker’s polycythemia.”
Thakur KT, Westover MB.
BMJ Case Rep 2011 Oct 28; 2011 doi: 10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4714. PMID:22675101 ; PMCID:PMC3207785

“Premortem diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease aided by positron-emission tomography imaging.”
Zhang WJ, Westover MB, Keary CJ.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011 Jan; 32 (1) :E18 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2292. Epub 2010 Nov 11. PMID:21071534 ; PMCID:PMC6788750

Heart rate variability

“Automatic Detection of General Anesthetic-States using ECG-Derived Autonomic Nervous System Features.”
Polk SL, Kashkooli K, Nagaraj SB, Chamadia S, Murphy JM, Sun H, Westover MB, Barbieri R, Akeju O.
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019 Jul; 2019 :2019-2022 doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857704. PMID:31946297 ; PMCID:PMC7077759

“ADARRI: a novel method to detect spurious R-peaks in the electrocardiogram for heart rate variability analysis in the intensive care unit.”
Rebergen DJ, Nagaraj SB, Rosenthal ES, Bianchi MT, van Putten MJAM, Westover MB.
J Clin Monit Comput 2018 Feb; 32 (1) :53-61 doi: 10.1007/s10877-017-9999-9. Epub 2017 Feb 16. PMID:28210934 ; PMCID:PMC5559344